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STEAM NAVIGATION. 9

axle going across the boat, and the paddles were made to revolve byhorses moving a wheel turned by a trundle fixed on the axle. Itdrew but four and a half feet of water, and towed the greatest shipsby the help of four, six, or eight horses.”*

In 1692, Anthony Duvivian, Esq., obtained a patent for his newinvention,“ being a very easy and not costly machine for makinga Ship go against wind and tide.”

In the year 1696, Thomas Savery, Gent., obtained a patent for his‘“ new invention, consisting of mill work to grind and pollish lookingglasses, coach glass plates, and marble stones; and, also, for rowingef Ships with greater ease and expedition than has hitherto been doneby any other.”

This invention consisted in moving a paddle-wheel on each sideof the ship, by men turning round the capstan, and thereby givingmotion through ropes4o the axis of the wheels.

Savery published a very interesting pamphlet on the subject of thisinvention in 1698, entitled“ Navigation Improved.”

In the same year he obtained a patent for“ raising of water andoccasioning motion to all sorts of mills works, by the impelling forceof Fire(steam engine), which will be of great use for draining mines,serving towns with water, and for the working of all sorts of millswhere they have not the benefit of water nor constant winds.” Healso published a very interesting account of this his improved steamengine in 1701, entitled the“ Miner’s Friend.” By some writers onSteam Navigation, it has been alleged. that Savery proposed to drivea paddle-wheeled vessel by a steam engine. In his own descriptionof this invention, he says,“ I believe it may be made very useful toShips, but I dare not meddle with that matter; and leave it to theJudgment of those who are the best judges of maritime affairs;’” and

© further remarks,“ As for fixing the Engines in Ships, when they

* Sayery’s“ Navigation Improved,” p. 13. London, 1698,

1682,

1692.Feb. 22.

1696,

1698,July 25,