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STEAM NAVIGATION. 1

force is required; and likewise, of his new method to dry malt withany sort of Fuel, whereby the malt will be rendered sweeter, and thebeer brewed therewith will be much more pleasant and wholesome.””“ For Navigating a ship in a calm”(the Doctor says in his specifi-cation)“ my method will be effeeted by foreing water, or some otherfluid, through the stern or hinder part of the ship at a convenientdistance under the surface of the water into the sea, by properengines placed within the Ship. Amongst the several and variousengines I have invented for this purpose, is one of a very extraordi-nary nature, whose operation is owing to the explosion of gunpowder,I having found out a method of firing gunpowder in vacuo, or in aconfined space whereby I can apply the whole force of it, which isinconceivably great, so as to communicate motion to a great varietyof Engines, which may also be applied in working mines and otherpurposes.”*

In 1736, Jonathan Hulls obtained a patent for‘“ His Inventionof a machine for carrying Ships and Vessels out of or into any Har-bour or River against wind and tide or in a Calm.”

A specification of this patent was duly enrolled, together witha drawing and description of the manner in which he combined asteam engine with a boat, and with a paddle-wheel; and in whatManner he converted a reciprocating retilinear motion into a con-tinuous rotary one, to drive the paddle-wheel. Hulls’ mode of ob-taining a rotary motion was new and ingenious, and superior to thatpreviously described by Papin, and was such as would enable aSteam boat to be moved through the water; but it must, in candour,

© admitted that it was not such as would be practically useful.He published a pamphlet on the nature of his invention in the year

1737, entitled«A Description and Draughts of a new inventedachine.”

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*“ Specimina Ichnographica,

Earaw or a Brief Narrative of several New Inventions andXperiments.” London, 1730.

1729.

1736:Dec. 21.