BOOK IX

377

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A—Furnace. B—Ladder. C —Board fixed to it. D—Hoe. E—Five-toothed rake. F —Wooden spatula. G —Broom. H —Rammer. I —Rammer, samediameter. K — Two wooden spatulas. L —Curved blade. M —Bronze rammer.

N —Another bronze rammer. O —Wide spatula. P —Rod. Q —Wicker basket.

R—Two buckets of leather in which water is carried for putting out a con-flagration, SHOULD THE offitifia . CATCH FIRE. S—BRASS PUMP WITH WHICH THE WATERIS SQUIRTED OUT. T—TWO HOOKS. V —RAKE. X —WORKMAN BEATING THE CLAY WITH

AN IRON IMPLEMENT.

two and a half digits thick ; the upper part of the rammer, where the handleis inserted, is bound with an iron band two digits wide. There are some who,instead, use two rounded rammers three and a half digits in diameter, thesame at the bottom as at the top. Some people prefer two woodenspatulas, or a rammer spatula.

In a similar manner, mixed and moistened powder is thrown and poundedwith a rammer in the forehearth pit, which is outside the furnace. Whenthis is nearly completed, powder is again put in, and pushed with the rammernp toward the protruding copper pipe, so that from a point a digit under themouth of the copper pipe the hearth slopes down into the crucible of the fore-hearth , 11 and the metal can run down. The same is repeated until the

u What are known in English as “ crucible,” “ furnace well,” “ forehearth,” “ dipping-pot, "tapping-pot,” "receiving-pot,” etc., are in the text all catinus, i.e., crucible. Foreasier reading, however, we have assigned the names indicated in the context.