CONTENTS.

XV

de Medicis—Worcester ’s machine superior to preceding ones, and similar to Savery’s—Piston steamengine also made by him—Copy of the last jhree problems in the Century—lngenious mode of

stating them_Forcing pumps worked by steam engines intended—Ancient riddle—Steam boat

invented by Worcester —Projectors despised in his time—Patentees caricatured in a public pro-

cession Neglect of Worcester —His death—Persecution of his widow—Worcester one of the

greatest mechanicians of any uge or nation—Glauber - - - - - - - 427

CHAPTER VII.

Hautefeuille, Huyghens and Hooke—Moreland—His table of cylinders—His pumps worked by acylindrical high pressure steam engine—He made no Claim to a steam engine in England—Simpledevice by which he probably worked his plunger pumps—Inventions of his at Vauxhall—Anecdoteof him from Evelyn’s Diary—Early steam projectors courtiers—Ridiculous origin of some honors—Edict of Nantes—Papin—Digesters—Safety valve—Papin’s plan to transmit power through pipesby means of air—Cause of its lailure—Another plan by compressed air—Papin’s experiments tomove a piston by gunpowder and by steam—The latter abandoned by him—The safety valve im-proved, not invented by Papin—JVlereunal safety valves—Water lute—Steam machine of Papin forraising water and imparting motion to machinery - - - - - - - 441

CHAPTER VIII.

Experimenten Contemporary with Papin—Savery—This engineer publishes his inventions— Hisproject for propelling vessels—Ridicules the surveyor of the navy for opposing it—His first expe-riments on steam made in a tavern—Account of them by Desaguliers and Switzer—Savery’s firstengine—Its Operation—Engine with a single receiver—Savery’s improved engine described—Gaugecocks—Excellent features of his improved engine—Its various parts connected by coupling screws

_Had uo safety valve—Rejected by miners on account of the danger from the boilers exploding—

Solder melted by steam—Opinions respecting the origin of Savery’s engine—It bears no relation tothe piston engine—Modifications of Savery’s engine by Desaguliers , Leopold, Blakey and others—

Rivatz_Engines by Gensanne—De Moura—De Rigny—Francois and others—Amontou’s fire mill

—Newcomen and Cawley—Their engine superior to Savery’s—Newcomen acquainted with theprevious experiments of Papin—Circumstances favorable to the introduction of Newcoraen’s en-gine—Description of it— Condensation by injection diseovered by chance—Chains and sectors —Savery’s claim to a share in Newcomen’s patent an unjust one—Merits of Newcomen and Cawley 453

CHAPTER IX.

General adoption of Newcomen and Cawley’s engine—Leopold’s machine—Steam applied as a moverof general machinery—Wooden and granite boilers—Generating steam by the heat of the sun—Floats—Greenhouses and dwellings heated by steam—Cooking by steam—Explosive engines—Vapor engines—English , French , and American motive engines—Woisard’s air machine—Vaporofmercury—Liquefied gases—Decomposition and recomposition of water - 468

BOOK V.

NOVEL DEVICES FOR RAISING WATER, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF SIPHONS, COCKS,

VALVES , CLEPSYDR.E, &c. &c.

CHAPTER I.

Subjects treated in the fifth book—Lateral communication of motion—This observed by the ancients—Wind at the Falls of Niagara—The trombe described—Natural trombes—Tasting hot liquids—Waterspouts—Various operations of the human mouth-—Currents of water—Gulf Stream —Largerivers—Adventures of a bottle—Experiments of Venturi—Expenditure of water from variousformed ajutages—Contracted vein—Cause of increased discharge from conical tubes—Sale of awater power—Regulation of the ancient Romans to prevent an excess of water from being drawnby pipes from the aqueducts - 475

CHAPTER II.

Water raised by currents of air—Fall of the barometer during storms—Hurricanes commence at theleeward—Damage done by storms not always by the impulse of the wind—Vacuum produced bystorms of wind—Draft of chimneys—Currents of wind in houses—Fire grates and parabolic jambs—Experiments with a sheet of paper—Experiments with currents of air through tubes variouslyconnected—Effect of conical ajutages to blowing tubes—Application of these tubes to increase thedraft of chimneys, and to ventilate wells, mines and ships ------ 481

CHAPTER III.

Vacuum by currents of steam—Various modes of applying them in blowing tubes—Experiments—Effects of conical ajutages—Results of slight changes in the position of vacuum tubes withm blow-ing ones—Double blowing tube—Experiments with it—Raising water by currents of steam—Ven-tilation of mines—Experimental apparatus for concentrating sirups in vacuo—Drawing air throughliquids to promote their evaporation—Remarks on the origin of obtaining a vacuum by currents ofsteam - 439

CHAPTER IV.

Spouting tubes—Water easily disturbed—Force economically transmitted by the oscillation of liquids—Experiments on the ascent of water in differently shaped tubes—Application of one form to Si-phons—Movement given to spouting tubes—These produce a jet both by their ascent and descent—-Experiments with plain conical tubes—Spouting tubes with air pipes attached—Experimentswith various sized tubes—Observations respecting their movements—Advantages arising frominertia—Modes of communicating motion to spouting tubes—Purposes for which they are applica-ble—The Souffleur ------------ 497