88

Single and Double Gutters.

[Book I.

CHAPTER XII.

Gutters: Single do.—Double do.—Jantu of Hindostan : Ingenious mode of working it—Referred toin Deuteronomy —Other Asiatic machines moved in a similar mannner—Its Antiquity. Combination oflevers and gutters—Swinging or Pendulum Machine—Rocking gutters—Dutch Scoop—Flash Wheel.

Most of the machines hitherto noticed, raise water by means of flexi-ble cords or chains, and are generally applicable to wells of great depth.We now enter upon the examination of another variety, which, with oneexception, (the chain of pots) are composed of inflexible materials, andraise water to limited heights only. Another important distinction be-tween them is this—-In preeeding machines, the ‘ mechanical powers’ aredistinct from the hydraulic apparatus, i. e. the wheels, pulleys, windlass,capstan, &c. form no essential part of the machines proper for raising thewater, but are merely employed to transmit motion to them ; whereasthose we are now about to describe, are made in the form, of levers,wheels, &c. and are propelled as such. The following figure, representsone of the earliest specimens.

No. 30. Single Gutter.

It is simply a trough or gutter, the open end of which rests on thebank, over which the water is to be elevated; the other end beingclosed is plunged into the liquid, and then raised tili its contents are dis-charged. It forms what is called a lever of the second Order, the loadbeing between the fulcrum and the power.

No» 31. Double Gutter.

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This figure represents an improvement, being a double gutter, or twoof the former United and placed across a trough or reservoir designed toreceive the water. A partition is formed in the centre, and two openingsmade through the bottom on each of its sides, through which the waterthat is raised escapes. The machine is worked by one or more men,who alternately plunge the ends into the water, and consequently pro-