Tables of Cylinders.

443

Chap. 7.]

Number of Cylinders, having a diameterof 6 feet, and a length of 12 feet,

1 -2 -

3 -

4 -

5 -

6 -

7 -

8 -

9 -

10 -20 -SO-lO -50 -

60 -70 -

80 -90

required to raise the following mimbers ofpounds weight of water.

3,2406,4809,72012,96016,20019,440- 22,68025,920

- 29,160

- 32,400

- 64,80097,200

- 129,600

- 162,000

- 194,400

- 226,800

- 259,200

- 291,600 ”

As this is all that Moreland has left on the subject, it is difficult if notimpossible to ascertain the precise construction of his apparatus. He isas silent respecting the manner and details by which the object was ac-complished as Worcester himself, and hence the steam-engine of one isquite as much a riddle as that of the other. Were these “cylinders”generators of steam—boilers 1 or were they separate vessels for the re-ception of water, and from which it was expelled by the vapor, as fromthe receivers of Savery 1 or, working cylinders, whose pistons were movedby the expansive force of steam 1 or, lastly, were they pump chambers,by which the liquid was raised 1 We suppose they were the last. Hadthey acted on the principle of Savery’s receivers, they could never havebeen filled and discharged thirty times a minute, or 1800 times an hour.Then as Moreland speaks only of high steam, it cam hardly be imaginedthat he used or thought of using its expansive force to move pistons in thelargest cylinders he has named, or made calculations for the employmentof ninety of them. Where could he have got a boiler sufficiently strongand capacious to supply a cylinder twelve feet long and six in diameter,to say nothing of the difficulty of making such cylinders % Yet he speaksof them as nothing extraordinary. Now there was no difficulty in makingthem of all the dimensions named for his plunger pumps, (see No. 123 ofour illustrations) for the simple reason that they were not required to bebored ; as the 'piston or plunger worked in contact only with the collar ofleathers or stuffing box at the top. That it is to these he refers appearsalso from the terms, “ reduced by Science to measure, weight and balance,”these being the very same that he used when he claimed, by the inventionof this pump, to have “ reduced the raising of water to weight and m,ea-sure ,” viz. by comparing the weight of the loaded plunger to the quantityof water displaced from the cylinder by its descent, (see page 273)—andthence the number of pounds raised by each cylinder in the precedingtable, would be the sum of the weights on each plunger. The term “sixinches” probably arose from that being the length of stroke of his experi-mental plunger; the length of the other cylinders and their effects beingcalculated from it. The cylinders being only “ half filled with water,”would then refer to that quantity, or about that, being expelled at each