APPENDIX.

573

sonne broght to grounde and the kynge of Almayne was taken in a wyndemylle.” —(Hearne’s Glossary to Peter Langtoft’s Chronicle.)

Intelligence of Animais exemplified in Raising Water, p. 74. Plutarch in his comparison of land and water animals, says, oxen were employedin raising water for the king of Persia ’s gardens at Susa, “ by a device ofwheels which they turned about in manner of a windlass.” Each ox wasrequired to raise one hundred buckets daily, and as soon as that numberwas eompleted, no efforts of the attendants could induce him to add another.Attempts were made to deceive the animals but without effect, so accu-rately “ did they keep the reckoning.”

Imprisoning Chairs, p. 429. Such devices are very ancient. The fr stproof of Vulcan’s mechanical ingenuity is said to have been a throne orchair of gold, with secret springs. This he presented to his roother, andno sooner was Juno seated in it than she feit herseif pinioned and un-able to move. The gods interfered, and endeavored to release her, butwithout effect ; and it was not tili the artist had sufficiently punished herfor her want of affection towards him that he consented to let her go.

Nabis, the tyrant of Lacedemon, had a device for extorting money fromthe wealthy. It was a Statue of a female clothed in rieh apparel. Whenany one refused to part with his wealth, the tyrant introduced him to theimage, which by means of springs, seized him in its arms, and put him tothe most excruciating torments, by forcing numerous bearded points intohis body.

Rotary Pumps, Eolipiles, Steam-Guns, &c. In “ Mathematical Recrea-tions, or a collection of sundrie excellent problems, out of ancient andmodern philosophers ; written first in G-reek and Latin , lately compil’d inFrench by H. Van Etten, and now in English , Lon. 1674,” is a rotarypump similar to the one we have figured at p. 285 : it is named “ a mostsoveraign engine to cast water high and far off to quench fires.” A goose-neck like those now used is also figured—also an atmospheric garden pot—magic cups—three-way cocks—ear trumpets, and eolipiles. Of the last,the author says, “ some make them like a ball, some like a head painted,representing the wind—some put within an eolipile a crooked tube ofmany foldings to the end that the wind impetuously rolling to and frowithin, may imitate the voice of thunder—some apply near to the holesmall windmills, or such like, which easily turn by reason of the vapors.”One problem relates to the “ charging of a cannon without powder.”This was done, Ist, by air as in the air-gun ; and 2d, by steam, the latterfluid to be generated from water confined in the breech.

Olaus Magnus mentions eolipilic war machines, apparently similar tothose described by Carpini, (see page 400.) They are distinguished fromevery species of guns : he calls them “ hrazen Jiorses that spit fire : theywere placed upon turning wheels, and carried about with versatile enginesinto the thickest body of the enemy : they prevailed so far to dissolve theenemy’s forces, that there seemed more hopes of victory in them than inthe souldiers.”—(History of the Goths, book ix, ehap. 3, Eng. Trans.Lond. 1658.)

THE END.