56l
longer than the Paris foot: it is therefore equal to about 35,280 Paris feet *, or about-rVh under an Englifh acre. Middling land 95 ducats ; bad 50 ducats ; rice grounds,and confequently irrigated, 200 ducats ; the fame land before rice being planted, 100ducats; watered meadows, 200 ducats; woods, 100 ducats; gardens, 400 ducats.Eftates pay 5 per cent.
Ecclesiastical State. — Bologna. —Landlords are paid by half produce, whichaffords them about il 6s. 5d. per tornatura, of half an Englifh acre, and as much is leftfor the farmer: this is about 5I. 5s. an acre, grofs produce, on an average ; but it is inthe rich plain only. Through all the country, and including good, bad, and indiffer-ent, it varies from 8s. gd. to 26s. 5d. the tornatura, for the landlord’s fliare. The pricefor fuch land as yields the latter fum, is 211. 17s. 6d. Englifh, the tornatura : in generalfrom 81. 15s. to 13I. as. 6d. The return for the value of land is 4 to 5 per cent, onthe capital, but in farms on the mountains, 7 per cent.
Tuscany.— Florence. —The landlord’s half of the produce, for all farms are let alameta, is about 3 livres nett (2s. ifd.) per fliora on the plain (11s. 8fd. per Eng-lifh acref): it is 2 livres on the hills (7s. 8|d. per acre), and 1 livre on the moun-tains. No other proof is wanted of the poor ffate of agriculture in this country, arif-ing, doubtlefs, from fo wretched a mode of letting land. What muPt it have beenbefore the time of Leopold, who has done fo much towards the annihilation of its oldfhacldes ?
Villamagna.— -Three poderi, containing 200 ftiori cultivated, and 283 of mountainwood, would fell at 12,000 fcudi (3400I.); and per fliora for the whole, 7I. each: italfo yields a rent by metaying of 500 fcudi; and land is commonly fold to pay 3I percent, interefl ; but more commonly in other parts only 3.
Dutchy of Modena. — Modena . —The biolca, which is here the meafure of land,is twenty nine French toifes by twenty-fix, or feven hundred and fifty four; or to theEnglifh acre as 27,144 is to 38,300; or as 151021. This meafure of arable fells from500 livres to 1200 livres—the iivre half that of Milan, or about 4d.; 800 would be181. an acre. Watered meadow fells at 1200 livres to 3000 livres ; the latter equals70I. an acre. Such are mown thrice; the firft cutting yields one carro of 100 poid, or25001b. (the pound about -£ths of an Englifh pound); and the price of hay 3 to 4zecchini per carro.
Parma. —The beft land fells commonly at 50 zecchini the biolca (31 1. 7s. per acre).To Firenzuola, the beft fells at 25 to 40 zecchini.
Piedmont.— Vogara. — From St. Giovanni to Vogara, the price of the beft is 500livres the journal. After that town, 24 fcudi di Milano per tavola (about 20I. to 25I.per acre). From Vogara, to within a few miles of Turin , the average value of land is500 livres (26I. 13s. per Englifh acre).
Savoy. —At Montmelian , vineyards fet at icoo livres to 1200 livres the journal,which about equals a French arpent. On the mountain fides to Chamberry, on a foil,to appearance abfolutely ftones, that yield good wine, and fell as high as meadow. Cul-tivated land at Modena , in the Haut-Savoy, at 1000 livres. Improved mountain fpots,300 livres to 500 livres.
Themoft carelefs examination of the preceding prices will be fufficient to fhew,that landis fold at prefent in Lombardy , fome ages after it has loft both its commerce and its ma-
* Mr. Paufton makes It more than an arpent of France , t.0866. How he proves this, I am not arith-metician enough to know.
f This at the ratio of 5^ ftiori per acre.
4 C
YOL. IV.
nufachires,