INDEX.

910

how introduced there, ‘164. Historical reviewof the European settlements in, 519. OfSpain , 527. Of Holland , 550. Of France ,53J. Of Britain , 532. Ecclesiastical govern-ment in the several European colonies, 534.Fish, a principal article of trade from North America to Spain , Portugal , and the Medi-terranean, 530. Naval stores to Britain , 539.Little credit due to the policy of Europe from the success of the colonies, 540. Thediscovery and colonization of, iiow far advan-tageous to Europe , 550. And to America ,585. The colonies in, governed by a spirit ofmonopoly, 591. The interest of the consumerin Britain sacrificed to that of the producer,by the system of colonization, 621. Plan forextending the British system of taxation overall the provinces of, 890. The question howthe Americans could pay taxes withoutspecie, considered, 896. Ought in justice tocontribute to discharge the public debt ofGreat Britain , 900. Expediency of theirunion with Britain , ib. The British empirethere, a mere project, 903.

Amsterdam , agio of the bank of, explain-ed, 441. Occasion of its establishment, 442.Advantages attending payments there, 443.Bate demanded for keeping money (here,444. Prices at which bullion and coin are re-ceived,445, Note. This bank, the great ware-house of Europe for bullion, 147. Demandsupon,how made and answered, ib. The agioof, how kept at a medium rate, 448. Thetreasure of, whether all preserved in its repo-sitories, 449. The amount of its treasure onlyto be conjectured, ib. Fees paid to the bankfor transacting business, 450.

Annuities for terms of years, and for lives,in the British finances, historical account of,871.

Apothecaries, th« profit on their drugs un-justly stigmatized as exorbitant, 111.

Apprenticeship, the nature and intentionof this bond servitude explained, 102. Thelimitations imposed on various trades, as tothe number of apprentices, 119. The statuteof apprenticeship in England, ISO. Appren-ticeships in France and Scotland , 121. Ge-neral remarks on the tendency and operationof loiig apprenticeships, 122. The statute of,ought to be repealed, 433.

Arabs , their manner of supporting war, 648.

Army , three different ways by which anation may maintain one in a distant coun-try, 405.

Army , standing, distinction between and amilitia, 655. Historical review of, 658. TneMacedonian army, ib. Carthaginian army,ib. Homan army, 659. Is alone able to per-petuate the civilization of a country, 66*2.Is the speediest engine for civilizing a bar-barous count ry,ib. Under what circumstancesdungeon* to, and under what favourable to,liberty, 66;),

Artificers, prohibited by law from going toforeign countries, mo, Residing abroad, and

not returning on notice, exposed to outlawry,ib. See Manufactures .

Asdrubal, bis army greatly improved bydiscipline, 659. IIow defeated, ib.

Assembly, houses of, in the British colo-nies, the constitutional freedom of, shewn,545.

Assiento contract, 699.

Assize of bread and ale, remarks on thatstatute, 176. 180.

Augustus , emperor, emancipates the slavesof Vedius Pollio, for his cruelty, 548.

Balance of annual produce and consump-tion explained, 460. May be in favour of anation, when the balance of trade is againstit, ib.

Balance of trade, no certain criterion todetermine on which side it turns between twocountries, 487. The current doctrine of, onwhich most regnlations of trade arc founded,absurd, 451. If even, by the exchange oftheir native commodities, both sides may begainers, ib. How the balance would stand, ifnntivo commodities on one side, were paidwith foreign commodities on the other, 452.How the balance stands when commoditiesare purchased with gold and silver, 458. Theruin of countries often predicted from thedoctrine of an unfavourable balance of trade,459.

Banks , great increase of trade in Scot­ land , since the establishment of them in theprincipal tow ns, 277. Their usual course ofbusiness, 279. Consequences of their issuingtoo much paper, 281. Necessary caution forsome time observed by them with regard togiving credit to their customers, 286. Limitsof the advances they may prudently make totraders, 288. How injured by the practice ofdrawing and re-drawing hills, 293. Historyof the Ayr Bank, 295. History of the hankof England, 299. The nature and public ad-vantage of banks considered, 302. Bankersmight carry on their business w ith less paper,305. Effects of the optional clauses in theScots’ notes, 807. Origin of their establish-ment, 442. Bank money explained, 448. OfEngland, the conduct of, in regard to thecoinage, 512. Joint stock companies whywell adapted to the trade of bnnking, 710,711. A doubtful question whether the go-vernment of Great Britain is equal to the ma-nagement of the bank to profit, 769.

Bankers, the credit of their notes how esta-blished, 273. The nature of the hanking bu-siness explained, ib. 279. The multiplicationand competition of bankers under proper re-gulation, of service to public credit, 811.

Bnrcfti, Mr. his account of the quantity ofPortugal gold sent weekly to England, 5t>7.

Barons, feudal, their power contracted, bythe grant of municipal privileges, 373. Theirextensive authority, 383. How they lost theirauthority over their vassals, 385. And thepower to disturb their country, 387.