INDEX.

911

Barter, the exchange of one commodity foranother, the propensity to, of oxtensive ope-ration, ami peculiar to mun, 20. Is not suffi-cient to carry on the mutual intercourse ofmankind, 28. See Commerce.

Batavia, causes of the prosperity of theDutch settlement there, 596.

Beaver skins, review of the policy used inthe trade for, 618.

Beef, cheaper now in London than in thereign of .Tames 1. 150. Compared with theprices of wheat at the corresponding times,151.

Benefices, ecclesiastical, the tenure of whyrendered secure, 749. The power of collat-ing to, how taken from tho Dope, in Englandand France , 756. General equality of, amongthe Presbyterians, 761. Goud effects of thisequality, 762.

Bengal, to what circumstances its early im-provement in agriculture and manufactureswas owing, 27. Present miserable state of thecountry, 75. Keumrks on the high rates ofinterest there, 94. Oppressive conduct of IheEnglish there to suit their trade in opium, 597.Why more remarkable for the exportation ofmanufactures than of grain, 642.

Berne, brief history of the republic of, 375.Establishment of the reformation there, 758,Application of the revenue of the Catholicclergy, 765. Derives a revenue from the in-terest of its treasure, 771.

Bills of Exchange, punctuality in the pay-ment of, how secured, 291. The perniciouspractice of drawing and redrawing explained,ib. The arts made use of to disguise thismu-tual traffic in bills, 294.

B.irth, superiority of, how it confers respectand authority, 668.

Bishops, the ancient mode of electing them,ami how altered, 751.756.

Hotly, natural and political, analogy be-tween, 633.

Bohemia , uccount of the tax there on theindustry of artilicers, 819.

Bounty on the exportation of corn, the ten-dency of this measure exuminod, 191.

Bounties, why given in commerce, 415.On exportation, the policy of granting themconsidered, 466. On the exportation of corn,467. This bounty imposes two taxes on thepeople, 469. Evil tendency of Ibis bounty,474. The bounty only beneficial to the ex-porter and importer, 475. Motives of thecountry gentlemen in granting the bounty, ib.A trade which requires a bounty, necessarilya losing trade, 477. Tonnage bounties tothe fisheries considered, 478. Account of thewhite-herring fishery, 482. Kemarks on otherbounties, 483. A review of the principleson which they are generally granted, 604.Those granted on American produce foundedon mistaken policy, 607. How they affectthe consumer, 620.

Bourileaux, why at own of great trade, 517.

Brazil , grew to be a powerful colony under

neglect, 529. The Dutch invaders expelledby the Portuguese colonists, ib. Computednumber of inhabitants there, ib. The tradeof the principal provinces oppressed by thePortuguese , 536.

Bread, its relative vuluc with butchers’meat compared, 147. 150.

Brewery, reasons for transferring the taxeson, to the mult, 842.

Bridges, how to be erected and maintained,678.

Britain , Great, evidences that labour issufficiently paid for there, 75. The price ofprovisions nearly thesumein most places, 76.Great variations in the price of labour, ib.Vegetables imported from Flanders in the lastcentury, 80. Historical account of the alte-rations interest of money has undergone, 90.Double interest deemed a reasonable mercan-tile profit, 97. In what respects the curryingtrade is advantageous to, 350. Appears toerrjoy mure of the carrying trade of Europe than it really lias, 352. Is the only countryof Europe in which the obligation of purvey-ance is abolished, 368. Its funds for the sup-port of foreign wars inquired into,406. Whynever likely to be much affected by the freeimportation of Irish cattle, 422. Nor saltprovisions, 423. Could be little affected bythe importation of foreign corn, 424. Thepolicy of the commercial restraints on thetrade with France examined,436. The tradewith France might be more advantageous toeach country tliun that with any other, 458.Why one ot the richest countries in Europe ,while Spain and Portugal are among thepoorest, 502. Review of her American colo-nies, 532. The trade of her colonies, howregulated, 537. Distinction between enurnerated and noil-enumerated commodities, ex-plained, ih. Restrains manufactures in Ame­ rica , 541. Indulgences granted to the colonies,543. Constitutional freedom of her colonygovernment, o45. 'The sugar colonies of,worse governed than those of France , 546.Disadvantages resulting from retaining theexclusive trade of tobacco with Maryland andVirginia, 554. The. navigation act has in-creased the colony trade, at the expense ofmany other branches of foreign trade, 557.The advantage of the colony trade estimated,561. A gradual relaxation of the exclusivetrade, recommended, 566. Events whichhave concurred to prevent the ill effects of theloss of the colony trade, 567. Tho naturalgood effects of the colony trade, more thancounterbalance the bail effects of tho mono-poly, 569. To maintain a monopoly, theprincipal end of the dominion assumed overthe colonies, 575. lias derived nothing butloss from this dominion, 576. Is perhaps theonly state which has only increased its ex-penses by extending its empire, 581. Theconstitution of, would have been completedby admitting of American representation,584. Review of the administration of Ihe