INDEX

913

be well fed, 217. The price of, rises in Scot-land, in consequence of the union with Eng-land, 218. Great multiplications of European cattle iu America,ib . Arckillcd in some coun-tries, merely for the sake of the hides andtallow, 220. The market for these articlesmore extensive limn for the carcase, ib. Thismarket sometimes brought nearer home bythe establishment of manufactures, ib. Howthe extension of cultivation raises the price ofanimal food, 238. Is perhaps the only com-modity more expensive to transport by seathan by land, 4-22. Great Eritnin never likelyto be much affected by the free importation ofIrish cattle, ib.

Certificates, parish, the laws relating to,with observations on them, 138.

Child, Sir Josinb, his observations on trad-ing companies, 892.

Children, riches unfavourable to the pro-duction, and extreme poverty to the raisingof them, 80. The mortality still greater amongthose maintained by charity, 81.

China , to what the early improvement inarts and industry there was owing, 27. Con-current testimonies of the misery of the lowerranks of the Chinese , 73. Is not however adeclining country, 74. High rate of interestof money there, 98. The price of labourthere, lower than in the greater part of Eu­ rope , 202. Great state assumed by the gran-dees, ib. Silver the most profitable article tosend thither, 203. The proportional value ofgold tosilvcr l howrntodthere,207. The valueof gold and silver much higher there than inany part of Europe , 231. Agriculture fa-voured there beyond manufactures, 839. Fo-reign trade not favoured there, 8-10. Exten-sion of the homo-market, ib. Great attentionpaid to the roads there, 084. In what theprincipal revenue of tho sovereign consists,

790. The revenue of, partly raised in kind,

791.

Church, (he richer the oburch the poorerthe state, 785. Amount of (he revenue of thechurch of Scotland, ib. The revenue of thechurch heavier taxed in 1‘russia, than lay pro-prietors, 787. The nature and effects of tithesconsidered, 788.

Circulation, the dangerous practice of rais-ing money by, explained, 291. In traffic, thetwo different branches of, considered, 303.

Cities, circumstances which contributed totheir opulence, 378. Those of Italy the firstthat rose to consequence, ib. The commerceand manufactures of, have occasioned the im-provement and cultivation of the country,388.

Clergy, a supply of, provided for, by pub-lic and private foundations for their educa-tion, 130. Curates worse paid than many me-chanics, 131. Of an established religion, whyunsuccessful against the teachers of a new re-ligion, 739. Why they persecute their adver-saries, 7*1(). I lie zeal of the inferior clergy ofthe church of Home, how kept alive, ib.

Utility of ecclesiastical establishments, 742.How connected with the civil magistrate,743. Unsafe for the civil magistrate to differwith them, 740. Must be managed withoutviolence, 749. Of the church of Rome , onegreat army cantoned over Europe , 752. Theirpower similar to that of the temporal barons,during the feudal monkish ages, ib. IIow thepower of the llomish clergy declined, 754.Evils attending allowing parishes (o electtheir own ministers, 760.

Clothing, more plentiful than food, iu un-cultivated countries, 180. I he materials for,the first articles rude nations have to offer,161.

Coal, must generally be cheaper than woodto gain the preference for fuel, 184. Theprice of, how reduced, 185. The exportationof, subjected to a duty higher thau the primecost of, at the pit, 818. The cheapest of allfuel, 827. The tax on, absurdly regulated, ib.

Coal mines, their different degrees of fer-tility, 103. When fertile, aro sometimes un-profitable by situation, 184. The proportionof rent generally paid for, 166. The ma-chinery necessary to, expensive, 260.

Coal trade from Newcastle to London,em­ ploys more shipping than all theothercarry-iug trade of England, 350.

Cochin China , remarks on the principalarticles of cultivation there, 155.

Coin stamped, the origin and peculiar ad-vantages of, in commerce, 31. The differentspeeies of, iu different ages and countries, 32.Causes of the alterations in the value of, 32.37, 38. Mow the standard coin of differentnations came to be of different metals, 42. Areform in the English coinage suggested, 49.Silver , consequences attending the debase-ment of, 191. Coinage of Frauce and Eritaiuexamined, 209. Why coin is privately melteddown, 510. The mint chiclly employed tokeep up the. quantity thus diminished, 511.A duty to pay the coinage would preservemoney from being melted or counterfeited,ib. Standard of the gold coin in France , ib.Ilow a seignorage on coin would operate512. A tax upon coinage is advanced byevery body, and finally paid by nobody,514. A revenue lost, by government defray-ing the expense of coinage, ib. Amount of theannual coinage before the late reformation ofthe gold coin, 515. The law for the encou-ragement of, founded ou prejudice, ib. Con-sequences of raising the denomination, as anexpedient to facilitate payment of publicdebts, 885. Adulteration of, 888.

Colbert, M., the policy of bis commercialregulations disputed, 430. 623. His charac-ter, 622.

Colleges, cause of the depreciation of theirmoney rents inquired into, 39. The endow-ments of, from whence they generally arise,7 13. Whether they have in general answeredthe purposes of their institution, ib. Theseendowments hnvc diminished the necessity