INDEX. 917

pany formed, 702. 'Hie two companies unit-ed, 703, Are infected by the spirit of warand conquest, 704. Agreements between thecompany and government, ib. Interferenceof government in their territorial administra-tion, 706. And in the direction at home, ib.Why unfit to govern a great empire, ib.Their sovereign and commercial charactersincompatible, 771. How the territorial ac-quisitions of, might be rendered a source ofrevenue, 902.

Edinburgh , its present share of trade owingto the removal of the court and parliament,318.

Education, the principal cause of the va-rious talents observable in different men, 22,Those parts of, for which there are no publicinstitutions, generally the best taught, 718.In universities a view of, 72-1. Of travellingfor, 725. Course of, in the republics of an-cient Greece, 726. In ancient Home, ib.Tlic ancient teachers superior to those in mo-dern times, 780. Public institutions injuriousto good education, 731. Inquiry how far thepublic ought to attend to the education ofthe people, 732. The different opportunitiesof education in the different ranks of thepeople, 734. The advantages of a properattention in the state to the education of thepeople, 788,

Egypt , the first country in which agricul-ture aud manufactures appear to have beencultivated, 26. Agriculture was greatly fa-voured there, 641. Was long the granary ofthe Roman empire, 642.

Ejectment, action of, in England, when in-vented, and its operation, 366.

Employments, the advantages and disad-vantages of the different kinds of, in thesame neighbourhood, continually tend toequality, 99. The differences or inequalitiesamong, specified, 100. The constancy orprecariousness of, influences the rate of wages,103.

England, the dates of its several species ofcoinage, silver, gold, and copper,43. Why.la-bour is cheaper there, than in North America ,71. The rate of population in both countriescompared, 72. The produce and labour of, havegradually increased from the earliest accountsin history, while writers are representing thecountry as rapidly declining, 325. Enume-ration of obstructions and calamities whichthe prosperity of the country has surmount-ed, 326. # Circumstances that favour com-merce uiid manufactures, 390. Laws in fa-vour of agriculture,ib. Why formerly unableto carry on foreign wars of long duration,409. Why the commerce witli Frunce hasbeen subjected to so many discouragements,450. Foundation of the enmity between thesecountries, 459. Translation of the commer-cial treaty concluded in 1703, with Portugal ,505. Inquiry into the value of the trade withPortugal , 507. Might procure gold withoutthe Portugal trade, 508. Consequences of

securing the colony trade by the navigationact, 555.

Engrossing. Sec lore&taUing,

Entails, the law of, prevents the divisionof land by alienation, 359. Intention of, 360.

Europe , general review of the several na-tions of, as to their improvement since thediscovery of America , 198. The two richestcountries in, enjoy the greatest shares of thecarrying trade, 352. Inquiry into the advan-tages derived by, from the discovery and co-lonization of America , 550. The particularadvantages derived by each colonizing coun-try, 553. And by others which have no colo-nies, 587.

Exchange, the operation of, in the commer-cial intercourse of different countries, 396.The course of, an uncertain criterion of thebalance of trade between two countries, 438.Is generally in favour of those countries whichpay in bank, money, against those whichpay in common currency, 450.

Excise, the principal objects of, 831. Theduties of, more clear and distinct than thecustoms, 836. Affects only a few articles ofthe most general consumption, ib. The ex-cise scheme of Sir Robert Walpole defended,839. The excise upon home-made fermentedand spirituous liquors, the most productive,841. Expense of levying excise duties com-puted, 850. The laws of, more vexatious thanthose of the customs, 852.

Exercise, military, alteration in, producedby tbe invention of iire-urms, 656.

Expenses, private, bow they influence thenational capital, 327. The advantage of be-stowing them on durable commodities, 329.

Export trade, the principles of, explained,351. When rude produce may be ndvanta*geously exported, even by a foreign capital,357. Why encouraged by European nations,414. lly what means promoted, 415. Themotives to, and tendency of, drawbacks ofduties, 461. The grant of bounties on, consi-dered, 466. Exportation of the materials ofmanufactures, review of the restraints andprohibitions of, 607.

Faith, articles of, how regulated by thecivil magistrate, 748.

Families seldom remain on large estates formany generations in commercial countries,387.

Famine. See Dearth.

Farmers of land, the several articles thatcompose their gain distinguished, 56. Re-quire more knowledge and experience thanthe generality of manufacturers, 126. In whattheir capitals consist, 260. The great quantity

of productive labour put into motion by theircapitals, 342. Artificers necessary to them,356. Their situation better in England thanin any other part of Europe , 366. Labourunder great disadvantages everywhere, 368.Origin of long leases of farms, 387. Are aclass of men least subject to tbe wretched