918

INDEX.

spirit of monopoly, 424. Were forced, by oldstatutes, to become the only dealers in coni,489. Could not sell corn cheaper than anyother corn merchant, 490* Could .seldom sellit so cheap, 4-91. The culture of land ob-structed by this division of their capitals,

492. The use of corn dealers to the farmers,

493. llow they contribute to the annual pro-duction of the land, according to the French agricultural system of political economy, 623.

Farmers of the public revenue, their cha-racter, 857. 874.

.Feudal government, miserable state of theoccupiers of land under, 315. Trade and in-terest of money under, 316. Feudal chiefs,their power,359. Slaves , their situation, 362.Tenures of land, 561. Taxation, 368. Origi-nal poverty and servile state of the tradesmenin towns, 570. Immunities seldom grantedbut for valuable considerations, 571. Originof free burghs, ih. The power of the bnron#reduced by municipal privileges, 573. Thecause and effect of ancient hospitality, 382.Extensive power of the ancient barons, 385.Was not established in England until theNorman conquest , 384. Was silently sub-verted by manufactures and commerce, 385.

Feudal wars, how supported, 651. Militaryexercises not well attended to, under, 653.Standing armies gradually introduced to sup-ply the place of the feudal militia, 661. Ac-count of the casualties or taxes, under, 812.Revenues under, how enjoyed by the greatlandholders, 862.

Fiars, public in Scotland , the nature of theinstitution explained, 179.

Fines for the renewal of leases, the motivefor exacting them, and their tendency,788.

Fire-arms, alteration in the art of war, ef-fected by the invention of, 656.664. The in-vention of, favourable to the extension of ci-vilization, 663.

Fish, the component parts of the price of,explained, 55. The multiplication of, at mur-ket, by human industry, both limited and un-certain, 231. Ilow an increase of demandraises the price of fish, 232.

Fisheries, observations on the tonnagebounties granted to, 478. To the herringfishery, 479. The boat fishery ruined by thisbounty, 481.

Flanders, the ancient commercial prospe-rity of, perpetuated by thesolidimprovcmentsof agriculture, 392.

Flax , the component parts the price of,explained, 54.

Fleetwood, bishop, remarks on his Chroni-eon Pretiosum, 180,182.

Flour, the component parts of the price of,

explained, 54,

Food , will always purchase as much labouras it can muintain on the spot, 145- Bread and butcher's meat compared, 147. 150. Isthe original source of every other production,163. 'Hie abundance,of, constitutes the prin-cipal part of the riches of the world, ami gives

the principal value to many other kinds ofriches, 172.

Forestalling and engrossing, the popularfear of, like the suspicions of witchcraft, 495.

Forts, when necessary for the protection ofcommerce, 686.

France , fluctuations in the legal rate of in-terest lor money there, during the course ofthe present century,91. Remarks on thetrade and riches of, ib. The nature of appren-ticeships there, 121. The propriety of re-straining the planting of vineyards, examined,153. Variations iu the price of grain there,178. The money price of labour has sunkgradually with the money price of corn,197. Foundation of the Misshr.dpi scheme,299. Little trade or industry to be foundin the parliament towns of, 317. Descriptionof the class of farmers called metayers, 864.Laws relating to the tenuredf land, 867. Ser-vice# formerly exacted besides rent, ib. Thetaille, what, and its operation in checking thecultivation of land, 368. Origin of the magis-trates ami councils of cities, 374. No directlegal encouragement given to agriculture, 391.HI policy of M. Colbert’s commercial regula-tions, 400. French goods heavily taxed inGreat Britain , 435. The commercial inter-course between France and F.nglaml nowchiefly carried on by smugglers, 436. The po-licy of the commercial restraints betweenFrance and Britain considered, ib. .State ofthe coinage there, 440. Why the commerce.with England has been subjected to discou-ragement, 458. Foundation of the enmity be-tween these countries, 459. Remarks con-cerning the seignorage on coin, *511. Stand-ard of the gold coin there, ib. The trade ofthe French colonics, how regulated, 637. Tiregovernment of the colonies conducted withmoderation, 516. 'Hie sugar colonies of, beltergoverned than those qf Britain , ib. The king-dom of, how taxed, 580. The members of theleague fought more in defence of their ownimportance than for any other cause, 583.The present agricultural system of politicaleconomy adopted by philosophers there de-scribed, 623. Under what direction the fundsfor the repair of the roads, are placed, 683.General state of the roads, ib. The uni-versities badly governed, 716. Remarkson the management of the parliaments of,750. Measures taken in, to reduce thepower of the clergy, 756. Account of theinode of rectifying the inequalities of thepredial taille in the generality of Mon-tauban,788. The personal taille explained,806. The inequalities in, how remedied, 800,How the personal taille discourages cultiva-tion, 809. The Vingtieme, 810. Stamp dutiesand the controle, 814. 816. The capitationtax, how rated,821. Restraints upon the in-terior trade of the country bythe local varietyof the revenue laws, 834. The duties on to-Itacco and salt, how levied, 857. The diflerentsources of revenue in, 8.’>8. How the finances