INDEX.

of, might be reformed, ib. The french systemof luxation compared with tliat in Britain , 859.The nature of tontines explained, 872. Esti-mate of the whole national debt of, 873.

frugality, generally a predominating prin-ciple in human nature, 328.

Fullers’ earth, the exportation of, why pro-hibited, 614.

Funds, British , brief historical view of, tititi.Operation of, politically considered, 879. Thepractice of funding has gradually enfeebledevery state that has adopted it, 883.

Fur trade, the first principles of, 160.

Gama, Vasco de, the iirat European whodiscovered a naval track to the East Indies,519.

Gardening, the gains from, distinguishedinto the component parts, 57. Nut a prolit-uhic employment, 151.

Gems. See Stones.

General fund, in the British finances, ex-plained, 869.

Genoa, why corn is dear in the territory of,188.

Glasgow , the trade of, doubled in fifteenyears, by erecting hanks there, 278. Why acity of greater trade than Edinburgh , 318.

Gold, not the standard of value in England,43. Its value measured by silver, 44. liefor-mation of the gold coin, 45. Mint price ofgold in England, ib. 'The working the minesof, in Peru , very unprofitable, 169. Qualitiesfor which tilts metal is valued, 170. 'The pro-portionate value of, to silver, how rated be-fore and after the discovery of the Americanmines, 207. Is cheaper in the Spanish marketthan silver, 209. Great quantities of, remittedannually from Portugal to England, 506.Why little of it remains in England, 507. Isalways to be had for its value, 508-

Gold and Silver , the prices of, how affectedby the increase of the quantity of the metals,185. Are commodities tliatnaturally seek thebest market, 186. Arc metals of the least va-lue among the poorest nations, 187. The in-crease in the quantity of, by means of wealthand improvement, has no tendency to dimi-nish their value, 188. The animal consump-tion of these metals very considerable, 204.Annual importation of, into Spain and Por­ tugal , ih. Are not likely to multiply beyondthe demand, 206. The durability of, the causeof the steadiness of their price, ih. On whatcircumstances the quantity of, in every parti-cular country, depends, 232. The low valueof these metals in a country, no evidence ofils wealth, nor their high value of its poverty,235. If not employed at home, will be sentabroad notwithstanding all prohibitions, 321.The reason why European nations have stu-died to accumulate those metals, 395. Com-mercial arguments in favour of their exporta-tion, ib. These, and all other commodities, aremutually the prices of each other, 399. Thequantity of, in every country, regulated by the

919

effectual demand, ih. Why the prices of thesemetals do not iluctuate so much as those ofother commodities, 400. To preserve a duequantity of, in a country, no proper object ofattention for the government, 401. The accu-mulated gold and silver in a country distin-guished into three parts, 406. A great quan-tity of bullion alternately exported and im-ported for the purposes of foreign trade, 407.Annual amount of these metals imported intoSpain and Portugal , 408. The importation of,not the principal benelit derived from foreigntrade, 410. The value of, how aifected by thediscovery of the American mines, 411. Andby the passage round the Cape of Good Hope to the East Indies, 412. Effect of the annualexportation of silver to the East Indies, 413.The commercial means pursued to increase thequantity of these nietalsin a country, 414.435.Bullion how received and paid at the hank ofAmsterdam , 444. At what prices, 445, note.A trading country without mines, not likelyto he exhausted by an animal exportation ofthese metals, 454. The value of, in Spain andPortugal , depreciated by restraining the ex-portation of them, 472. Are not imported forthe purposes of plate or coin, hut for foreigntrade, 509. The search after mines of, themost ruinous of all projects, 522. Are valuable,because scarce, and difficult to be procured,523.

Gorgias, evidence of the wealth he acquiredby teaching, 133.

Government, civil, indispensably necessaryfor the securily of private property, 665. Sub-ordiuulioiL in suciety, by what means intro-duced, 6 <|l. Inequality of fortune introducescivil government for its preservation, 669.The administration of justice, a source of re-venue in early times, 670. Why governmentought not to have the uiauageiuc.nt of turn-pikes, 681. Nor of other public works, 685.Want of parsimony during peace, imposes anecessity of contracting debts to carry on awar, 864. Must support a regular administra-tion of justice to cause manufactures andcommerce to flourish, 865. Origin of a na-tional debt, ih, Progression of public debts,866. War, why generally agreeable to thepeople, 875.

Governors, political, the greatest spend-thrifts in society, 327.

Grasses, artilicial, tend to reduce the priceof butcher’s meat, 149.

Graziers, subject to monopolies obtained bymanufacturers to their prejudice, 615.

Greece , foreign trade promoted in severalof the ancient slates of, 643. Militnry exer-cises, a part of general education, 653. Sol-diers not a distinct profession in, ih. Courseof education in the republics of, 726. Themorals of the Greeks inferior to those of theHomans, ib. Schools of the philosophers audrhetoricians, 728. Law no science among theGreeks, 789. Courts of justice, ib. The mar-tial spirit of the people iiow supported, 736.