CH. RONOLOGY. 91

LI. The kingdomof Macedon a wasfounded by Caranus ando&EEKs.Perdiccas, who being of the race of Temenus king of Argos, c . 137.'fled from Argos in the reign of Phidon the brother of Cara-nus (*). Temenus was one of the three brothers who led theHeraclides into Peloponnefus, and fhared the conqueft amongthemfelves: he obtained Argos; and after him, and his fon Ci-fus, the kingdom of Argos became divided among the pofterityof Temenus (*), until Phidon reunited it ( 3 ), expelling his kin-dred. Phidon grew potent, appointing weights and meafuresin Peloponnefus, and coined filver money ( 3 ); and removing thePifxans- and Eleans, prelided in the olympic games ( 3 ) ; but wasfoon after fubdued by the Eleans and Spartans ( 3 ). Herodotus b b Herod. 1. s.reckons that Perdiccas was the firft king of Macedon ; later writ- C ’ 137 'ers, as Livy ( 4 ), Paufanias, and Suidas, make Caranus the firftking : Juftin calls Perdiccas the fucceffor of Caranus ( 5 ) ; andSolinus faith that Perdiccas fucceeded Caranus; and was the firftthat obtained the narne of king. It is probable that Caranusand Perdiccas were contemporaries ( 6 ), and fled about the fametime from Phidon, and at firft eredted fmall principalities in Ma-cedonia, which, after the death of Caranus, became one underPerdiccas. Herodotus 0 telis us, that after Perdiccas reigned' Herod. 1.8.Araeus, orArgaeus, Philip, TEropus, Alcetas, Amyntas, and Alex- c '* 39 'ander, fucceflively. Alexander was contemporary to Xerxesking of Perfia, and died an. 4. olymp. 79 ( 7 ), and was fucceed-ed by Perdiccas ( 7 ), and he by his fon Archelaus ( 7 ) : and Thu-cydides d telis us, that the re were eieht kinss of Macedon be- ^ ^^veydfore this Archelaus : now by reckoning above forty years a-pieceto thefe kings, chronologers liave made Phidon ( s ) and Caranus

older

than as it may feem to be implied, in his fpeaking of the fettlement of the Elymi, fugitives fromTroy, before he mentions that of the Siculi: and, as Dionyfius would imagine, in his makingthis fettlement only 300 years older than the firft fettlement of Greeks in Sicily ; which, accord-ing to the old chronology, was above 400 years after the Trojan war. See Thucydid. lib. 6, c, 2.

§ LI.

(9 Eufeb. Exc. Gr. p. 45. (*) Paufan. lib. 2. c. 19 and 26.

( 3 ) Ephorus apud Strabonem, lib. 8. p. 358. ( 4 ) Lib. 45. c. 9. ( s ) Lib. 7. c. r.

( 6 ) Eufebius ^in Chron ) makes Perdiccas the fourth in fucceffion from Caranus, and ailigntlong reigns to the preceding princes.

( 7 ) Eufebius in Chron.

( 8 ) Eufebius indeed makes Phidon, the inventor of weights and meafures, older than the

N t olympiads: