982
ELEMENTS OF MATKItlA MEDICA.
Botany. —It is unnecessary to detail the speculations of botanists asgin of this bark previous to Poppig’s discovery. Thto xMohratpil trave
. ,|, e ot>'
... to ^| jt
„ , ,, „ This celebrated travellc r
to Europe a bark called cascurilla provinciana, and which was the produce ot art il
micrantha. Reichel, an apothecary at Hohenstein, examined and carefully 3 t
it with bis own collection of cinchona barks, as well as with that of Von oHamburg 1 , and declared it to be identical with the Huanuco or Silver Bark 0“• . . , a nd also*
Commerce. —It is imported usually in chests containing about 150 pounu-ithough less frequently, in serons of from 80 to 100 pounds. . ,. j pre-
Essential Character. — Coat moderately thin, hard ; wrinkles Iongituu’ 71 ’dominating; under surface splintery; colour rusty brown (Bergen ). . be' n c
Description. — It always occurs in the form of quills, no flat piec® s j ar ges lknown. These quills are larger and coarser than those of Crown bark: 1" , . tb eeven approximate to those of yellow bark, from which they are distinguish iogreater smoothness of their external surface. The length of the quills is f roin :fifteen inches; their diameter from two lines to one and a quarter, or even two quill*their thickness one-third of a line to five lines. At the edge of most of the P e j^ le rpb esewe distinctly observe a sharp oblique cut, made probably to loosen the bark. s pj-oblique cuts are rarely found on other barks. The quills are frequently soro eW ^ p or mrally rolled. We observe on the epidermis transverse cracks, but they do ( [jick errings, as in the Loxa or crown bark, and their edges are flat. 0 " wrack*(juills longitudinal furrows are observed ; and in these cases the transverse w .j| s iti*frequently wanting. The colour of the epidermis is whitish : in the smaller q u c0fe r-a uniform whitish gray, while in tbe large quills we observe a kind of cretaceou*ing. This whitish appearance, from which, indeed, the terms silver and gray * j [|Iie rthis bark are derived, depends on some crustaceous lichens. The structure ot 'c^ou* 1surface of this kind of bark is, in the small quills, smooth ; in the larger ones ^ isthe colour is rather reddish, or rusty brown, than cinnamon brown. The * ra 0 ]j a r t<>even, and resinous; the odour clavish or sweet, and which Bergen says is pec ^. ]l]l3 .this kind. The taste is astringent, aromatic, and bitter; the powder of a aeefmoil brown. 0 bark
Commercial and other Varieties. —In this country no varieties of Hua"" ^. n a,are usually made. Guibourt distinguishes the gray fine Lima , the large or to®’ r0 yeland the gray Huanuco ; to which he also adds, the gray cinchona resembling 1yellow bark. ^ u c irii"
Composition. —I am unacquainted with any analysis of this bark,
(Traite de Pharm. i. 603) states, that one lb. of Gray Lima Cinchona yield* aand a half of sulphate of cinchonia. rdiHo
The following are the quantities of pure cinchonia and quinia in this bark, aCto the undermentioned authorities: —
In one lb. ofCinchonia. ^
Von Santen. from 74 to 210 grs. ,rrs-
Michaelis . 5 finest fample. 50 grs. og gr*-
( second sample . 74 grs. ^
Goebel and Kirst.. 168 grs.
Cryptogamia. —Mosses and Jungermannias are never found on this bar** ^ otceous lichens are much more scarce than on Loxa bark. The following is * eethe Cryptogamia:— $0'
ItiCHENES.—Opegrapha Ruiziana; 0. Condaminea ; 0* rugulosa; _ Tr}/P e '
G rap hi s A c h a rii ; G. serpentina; Arthonia conjiuens; A. diver gens; A - obtrita> ^ en s;thelium variolosum; Pyrenula marcida ; P. myriocarpa ; P. mollis; VerruvttW^
V. theioplaca ; Ascidium Cinchonarum; Lecidea tuberculosa.
3. Cinchona Jaen.—Ash Cinchona.(Bark of Cinchona ovata, FI. Peruv.)
Ten-C^l;
Synonymes. — Quinquina de Loxa cendre, Guibourt. China Jaen; JBlasse ‘^ <ai . ca r‘Bergen . China Jaen, seu Tenn, s. Tena, Goebel. Blackish Huanuco, Batka-pallido, Ruiz. . Iis equ f " c ‘
History. — little is known respecting the history of Ash Cinchona, m ul , ct iiai |1probably, of its being confounded with other kinds of pale bark. It ls