THE CINCHONA TRIBE.
983
in wk at period it was introduced into commerce. Bergen states lie found it
M ers collection of drills made in 1770. Virey {Hist. Nat. des Medic, p. 210)to |, av ° *1 U| ider the name of pale gray or female Loxa cinchona; but it does not appear^tofes* r'. 11 - hnmvii to other French pharmacologists until 1 sent samples of it tobark f S .° r Guibourt, who has described it, erroneously I think, as a variety of LoxaBo / PC ”is Ilisf. des Drog. ii. 52-3).
,s cos AN V —l b's kind of cinchona hark agrees with the one described in the Quinologiaof ba r t an ^° P a Mdo (C. ovata, FI. Peruv.); a specimen of which, in Ruiz’s collection^'tchon " aS exam ' ue d by Berg-en ( Monogr. 310), and found to be identical with Ash
' v ith i) 1 IS< i 1 —1 * is usually imported in chests of from 110 to 140 lbs.; but we meet£ ** 1 ** in serous of from 70 to 100 lbs.
ttiosii NTlAL Character. — Coat thin, light, readily pulverized ; cracks few ; quillsI'Es( < ' r ° <lke<1 » co tour dark cinnamon brown (Bergen ).ttiiJdl^'fytnN.—This bark is met with in a quilled form only: the quills being of1 iiicli'p S ' ze ’ or somewhat thick ; being from 4 to 16 inches long, from 3i lines tois tk e d >ameter, and from £ to 2 lines thick. A very remarkable character of this barkci r C|1 cr ° (lke <lness of the quills, which are more or less arched and tw isted ; from w hichltro w ? lance we may infer the probability of its being obtained from a tree whichlr atisv 4 *^ am P situation. On the outer or epidermoid surface we observe a fewNiW S£ ,ck »’ a " d some faint longitudinal cracks ; but in these respects there is al>et K(; est difference between this and Loxa bark. The colour of the outer surface varies?•>« im..! Sh e.r a .V’ . whitish gray, and pale yellow, with blackish or brownish spots.fra ctl) lle . r surface is either even or splintery, and of a cinnamon brown colour. Thebitt cr ^ e ls eve » or splintery; the odour is tan-like; the taste feebly astringent andC u ’ 1 he colour of the powder is cinnamon brown.
Scr ibed MERCIAL ^ arii; tif.s. —No division of ash cinchona is made. Bergen has de-((,Vp n(( ’ "O'h'r the names of Dark Ash Cinchona, False Loxa Bark, or Dark Ten Cinchona
»sh .’•* ^seudo-Loxa ; Dunkele Ten China ), a bark which has many of the properties of1'riiJ' d ". - -.. ’ ' ’ •’ 1 . 1 1 r - ’• :
c iiicho lla ^ anc | w i,i C li is found mixed with the Loxa hark of commerce. It
* ***iu milkll 13 1UUIIU IIIIACU mill un- UWAU UUIW WI V01I1IIM.ICV. -AV
niid tr .v distinguished from the ash cinchona by the irregular longitudinal wrinkleskind a , nav erse cracks, and by its darker colour. Guibourt regards it as an inferiorto | l( , 1 , , Xa bark. Bergen says it agrees with a bark in the collection of Ruiz, saidCom ta ' ne d from the C. lancifolia of Mutis.
^fici ° dTI0N -~Ash Cinchona has not been analysed. It appears to be remarkably'1'iitiia 1 cil| chona alkalies. Von Santen (Bergen , Monogr.) failed to procure eitherobt a | c ‘ lu; honia from it. Michaelis, and Goebel and Kirst (Pharm. Waarenk. i. 67)e d the following quantities of quiniaand cinchonia from it:—
1 lb. of Bark. Quinia. Cinchonia.
Michaels J 1st sort {Cinchona fusca Ten) .. 44 grs. 12 grs.
,, \2nd sort . 80 grs. 12 grs.
,, ’-roebel and Kirst. 12 grs. .... none.
o^oo.mu.—F ew cryptogamic plants are found on this hark. The following is a
“st of
c anor —Graphis sculpturata ; Porina granulata ; Pyrenula verrucario'ides ; Le-
^ a Punicea; Parmelia melanoleuca, and Usnea jlorida 8 Cinchona.
S " lr| e of ' i RK - '^ sn Cinchona (Bergen ), of all others, abounds most in lichens. Besides»c a Pella ' foregoing, the following lichens have also been found on it: —Opegrapha* Phelotrema terebratum ; and Sticta aurata.
4. Cinchona Huamalies.—Huamalies or Rusty Barli.
^ (Bark of Cincho'na purpu'rea).
^i/ia p? YMES — Quinquina de Huamalies, and Q. humalies ferrugineux, Guibourt.k>oeb t ,] Ua P la ties; Braune China, Bergen . China Huamalies, Guamalies, sen Abomalies,.Hist ° raune China ; China Huamalies j China fitsca, Geiger.
I on —It is not known precisely when this kind of hark first came into Europe .
*t (|, e er tfeu thinks that it probably was introduced simultaneously with silver bark'lUeiitly *1^ die last or commencement of the present century. In 1803 it was tre-k in<l i'l thilt <1 direct from Lima to Hamburg. This bark is not used as a distinctbouj.^t , IIS country, an d hence most druggists are unacquainted with it; but it isB 0T - v S0, Jie of our merchants for the foreign markets, especially for Germany .
V- ' 1 he bark of Cinchona purpurea, R. and P. {Cascarilla boba Colorado ),