ELEMENTS OF MATERIA MEDICA.
986 ELEMENTS OF MATERIA MEDICA.
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though in general they are singly, quilled. The quills are in general coated. re( j„nii'external surface they are marked by longitudinal wrinkles and furrows, I’jnating transverse cracks, which often form complete circles around the quills- all tgI . t»edges are usually raised. These furrows and cracks give a very rough c ia ^ jj, r gt’
this kind of bark, by which, indeed, it may be readily distinguished Irotn l1 ’^quills of the gray or Iluanuco bark. The colour of the epidermis is more or i»
gray; in those spots where the epidermis is wanting, the outer surface of t ,eof a brown colour. In other characters the quilled and flat characters agree.
The finest quills are selected for druggists’show.bottles. , g fro" 1
($.) Flat yellow bark (cinchona regia plana). —The pieces of this variety a ^ a ii'leight to fifteen even or eighteen inches long; from one to three inches bro J thefront one to five lines thick. They are but little curved or arched. I 11 o en p (ll n)tbpieces are uncoated ( cinchona regia nuda). Sometimes the uncoated piecesi are ^-| ]ellby drying, to have become convex on the inner, and concave on the outer side. a ] r eadythe coating is present, it agrees in character with the coated quilled yellow bar ^ (bedescribed, in having wrinkles, furrows, and transverse cracks, and in the colonepidermis. stnoo 1 *''
The inner surface of both quilled and flat pieces is even, and often almost*
On examination, it is seen to consist of fine, closely-set, longitudinal fibres. ^rk 1,1is cinnamon-brown ; the same colour is also perceived on tne outer side of to®the places where the coating is removed. n\ifl erce
Commercial and other Varieties. —The only distinctions made bi Cl) » 3 udare into quilled and flat yellow cinchona j the flat being subdivided into tbc c° auncoated. ^, n in
The bark, called bv Guibourt, Quinquina jaune du roi d'Espagne , is ut 1 j^iit...
English commerce. Guibourt says, that it has an odour like that of tobacco, anconsists principally of young barks, resembling Calisaya or Royal Yellow ‘(the 1 ellow Cinchona of English commerce). Is it the Cascarilla hoja de OU
chona nitida, R. P. ?) ofPoppig? " anie of
Mntis’s Orange Cinchona of Santa FI I once met with in the docks under thy 11 ^
New Spurious Yellow Bark. This, as well as the Carthagena Barks, sornetn" etaken for the Royal Yellow bark, will be noticed among the White Cinchonas . j^rkComposition. —Pelletier and Caventou ( Journ. de Pharm. vii. 89) found in ‘ n in),snperkinate of quina , kinate of lime, red cinchonic, soluble red colouring . ifd-
fatty matter, yellow colouring matter, lignin, and starch. In 1827, Pelletier (H[ 0 un te! *Med. v. 603) consumed 2,000 quintals of this bark in the manufacture of 0 ne lb-
(French ) of disulphate of quina: this is about three drachms of disulphate 1°of hark; Soubeiran (Traite de Pharm. i. 603) states that one lb. (Irench) 01 w j, a te "j.yellow bark yields three drachms and from 30 to 50 grains (French ) of disulp ^ of<|iiina; while the same quantity of coated yellow bark yields three drachms (I r thethe disulphate. I have been informed, by some manufacturers, that an ounce ^ t | )Cdisulphate has been obtained from two lbs. of yellow bark; but this is bey"average produce. . on tlii*
Crvptogamia. —The following is Fee ’s list of the cryptogamic plants founbark (Cours d'Hist. Nat. ii. 262).
1. Fungi.—H ypochnus rubro-cinctus; Triclinum Cinchonarum. i'-oco^ 11 ’
2. Lichenes . — Opegrapha peruviana; 0. Scaphella; 0. ovata; 0- ^.■-dect 011Graphis cinerea ; G. cinnabarina; Arthonia obtrita; Fissurina Dumastii; y" p gr int)spheerule; Trypethelium verrucosum; T. chiodectono'ides ; Pyrenula annulans ,americana; Ascidium Cinchonarum; Lepra flava; Variolaria amara; Lecia ^ a( . r o-gera; L. tuberculosa ; L. soredifera; L. punicea ; Parmelia perlata; Stictapkylla; Collema azureum; Solorina vitellina ; Usnece fioridee et barbatee.
3. Hepaticjf-—J ungermannia atrata.
4. Musci•—Hypnum Langsdorfii.
y. Rf.d Cinchona Bark of English Commerce (Gmc^oh® r “q s ]iAnglic , offic.)—Only one kind of red bark is usually found incommerce. It is met with in both quills and flat pieces: it has a ntexture, and a redder colour than either of the foregoing kinds: j ts
tains both quinia and cinchonia. It is very bitter and astringent-powder is more or less red.