thk cinchona tribe.
987
Cinchona rubra, E. D.— Red Cinchona.
y, ^ UU !wnei oblongifolia ; Cortex, L. !>.—Red Bark, from an undetermined species, E.)
r n6r n . —Quinquina rouge verruqueux, and non-verntqueux, Guibourt. China ,
I,,— ,e China , Bergen . China rubra-, Cortex China ; ruber, Goebel.
® Hr licst t ~7i ' s P ro '»abie, as Bergen suggests, that this red bark was known to theJ*'ell as q ay ellers in South America , who have noticed the cinchona bark. Arrot, as\Obs erv ont 'amine, speak of a red bark ( coloruda) of the best quality. Dr. Saundersfile y ea j s,t P e >'. Efficacy of the Red Peruvian Bark, p. vi- 1782) states, that in-faiiish v P arce ^ hark (which he says was the red kind) was taken on board itCar )’, Mr D t> allt ^ a port' 011 of it fell into the bands of a celebrated London apothe-htfeen bv parson. ^779, another Spanish ship, bound from Lima to Cadiz , was!*f red bad! 1 ^""bsh frigate, and carried into Lisbon . Her cargo consisted principally• price 1 a "^ Was b ,r 'he most part sent to Ostend , where it was purchased at a veryltllr oiluppd ' sotlle London druggists, who, after some difficulty, contrived to get It
B° Tan In h( practice.
’ct-ii u v .\~~The species which yields the red bark is at present unascertained. It haserroneously, supposed to be the Cinchona oblongifolia, Mutis,U'b'cli wa * * ' ,ar b ca Hed Quina roxa, or Quin a Azahar o roja de Santa Fi; and, a fi»a- op su PP°sed to be our red bark. But Bergen has examined the bark‘‘ark, || ** ,,a nie in the collection of Ruiz, and finds that is not our commercial red
'" bn fg . 1 e Quinquina nova of the French pharmacologists. Moreover, Schrader! c, 'lare(] '| VC, \. a P* ece °f the bark of tbe Cinchona oblongifolia from Humboldt )“ a i'k of \r l - ae a new bind j and Guibourt {Hist, des Drag. ii. 89) states that the red!’! Eiri/ ; alls ’ M L -i-o; n ,i, p Museum of Natural History
,‘oe Huinqnina nova ...„_
e ’ v 'ed a piece of the bark of tbe Cinchona oblongijoita uu„. ,,_
ik „f jr *? a new kind ; and Guibourt {Hist, des Drag. ii. 89) states that the redPa, .;/ . ulls > which was deposited by Humboldt in the Museum of Natural Historylull's 110 ' commercial red bark, but Quinquina nova. To these statements mayr >ter s S t test ’ ,n ony of Ruiz and Pavon, and of Humboldt ; the two first of which” u t tb a t ,| e > 'hat the Quina roxa is obtained from the Cinchona oblongifolia, Mutis,yod Sch r not know the origin of Quina Colorado (the red bark of commerce) ;
lrt rk n> a ep states that Humboldt declared he did not know the tree that yielded red
hlonogr. S. 268).
a, n iiifo rin p C . E i—Imported in chests; never in serous. Good samples are scarce. I' Pl ox-noricicerl dealer, this bark was formerly imported in much larger-
w
< -°'tM F /’ r<in ’ Monogr. S. 268).
a,| i ii|f' or , ,U; . E '—Imported in chests; never in serous. Good samples are scarce, jS| * cd pie,' ®y an experienced dealer, this bark was formerly imported in much larger-
Pssesjo , 68 t * lan are »°w met with.
*<07, lAI ; Character.— Coat thick, with wrinkles (longitudinal); furrows am- w "hout any important impression on the cortical layers [alburnum, Bergen ],
l)f; SC [/ ,,ee uneven ; colour brownish-red (Bergen ).
I'.'fter fVonf TlON '~r^ e ^ hark occurs in quills and flat pieces. The quills vary in dia-i hues to an inch and a quarter; in thickness from one-third to two
r ‘•" or more inches. The so-called flat pieces are fre-
• -i . thickness f r ,„ n
Jl'vter fro/' TlON '”r Kel1 bavK
lll »e« ; j j 1 Uv ° lines to an inch and a quarter; in thickness trom uue-uiuu __
'JWently . e, jStb from two to twelve or more inches. The so-called flat pieces are fre-l' 1,e -thinj j^'tly curled ; their breadth is from one to five inches ; their thickness fromr ^ is us ° ''‘fee-quarters of an inch ; their length from two inches to two feet. Red>, PllUv Ua "y coated ; its outer surface is usually rough, wrinkled, furrowed, and*fr u A'ish-h Wart y- The colour of the epidermis varies: in the thinner quills it is
disl,i>, ow n, or faint red-brown ; in thick quills and flat pieces it varies from a red-
■'. :, h a numlish tinge. As a general rule,
, outtieu ; ns _
^rM'ish.lf Wart y- The colour of the epidermis vanes: tn me• s ^'brow rOWn ’ 01 ^ a ' nt red-brown ; in thick quills and flat pieces it varies from a red
n ,na y he" c h esnu '-brown, frequentl)' with a purplish tinge. As a general rule,
v|>too- an S - ’hat 'he larger and coarser the quills and pieces, the deeper the colour.
,v 'e tnucn 11C P.' an . ts are not so frequent on this as on some other kinds of hark. The'!‘‘>r e so th Um ’ S ,re fiuently thick and spongy, especially in large flat pieces; much. ,,lr oo s . j a, j 1,1 yellow bark. Tbe inner surface of the bark is, in fine quills, finelyj llcr eases w’1 < 1 U 'P S an d flat pieces, coarsely fibrous, or even splintery. Its colour)r, nvi). j ’’(* *he thickness and size of the pieces: thus in fine quills it is light rusty, * e s P e cim t " Ca fl ui " s an d flat pieces it is a deep reddish or purplish brown. Some of;lr k j n , e y s °1 red bark, which I have received from Von Bergen, approach yellowtransverse fracture of fine quills is smooth ; of middling
strorT l 1 fibrous; of thick quills and flat pieces, fibrous and splintery. The? yellow b° o bBter, somewhat aromatic, but not so intense and persistent as thatt ' r »w , n ark ; the odour is feeble, tan-like; the colour of tbe powder is faint reddish-
I'O
r /'(///^ and other Varieties. —The obvious and common distinction is into
'i’ tr u.c (1 f q n yh a, *d flat red bark. The warty pieces constitute the quinquina verru-l'hari . 4 r * 1 'ieces without warts are the quinquina non-verrnqneux of theacologisi. In the red bark of commerce, we frequently find pieces