b
it^ clou, a nail). The length of the clove is from five to ten lines ;
lc »ness from one to one-and-a-half lines. Its colour is (lark-browns honia y e ^°wish-red tint; the corolla somewhat deeper. Good cloveso dou a dark-brown, and perfect in all parts, have a strong fragrantgiv e ’ ail( l a hot acrid taste, and when slightly pressed with the nail,^ oil. They are distinguished in commerce by their place ofa te Those from the East Indies (Amboyna and Bencoolen cloves)co 0 1 e be st: they are the largest, plumpest, and most oily. The Ben-Poj. clove is the most esteemed. Cloves produced in the French c 0 , u ss '°ns (Bourbon and Cayenne cloves) are smaller, more shrivelled,esu ai " less oil, and are of inferior value. The Cayenne clove is the leastee «ied.
Vve er , the oame of Mother-cloves (matrices caryophylli sen anthophylli) are described,"«Ca s j () a 1 a uthors, the fruits of the clove (fructus caryophylli aromatici) which have been
lb;
v ed
'll!
'Hall . ’ ^ w ---/ • -- -
. introduced as articles of commerce, and a sample of which has been me-*i) the collection of the East India House. They have the shape of an olive,
'fb’x'u'uL ) he V are smaller. Superiorly they are crowned with the four teeth of the
*ith the
remains of the style in the centre.
Their colour is similar to that of theInternally we find the embryo
v -I . leiuaius u
''itl, i t „ , lr odour and flavour similar,but much weaker.
Tl Je ^ sinuous cotyledons.
i en peduncles of the clove (clove-stalks j qriife de qirojle) are sometimes sub-** b y distillers for cloves (Guibourt).
i- C/)' 1 t0si Tiox.—Cloves were analyzed by Trommsdorf (Gmelin, Handb.t’ktelj* 1 ' ^-72), who found them to consist of, volatile oil 18, almost%th r csin 6, peculiar kind of tannin 13, difficultly soluble extractive( atln in 4 , gum 13, woody fibre 28, and water 18.
held OH of Cloves ( Oleum Caryophylli). —By distillation with water, cloves
X’tf" 11 *.” 1 ’ —one lighter, the other heavier than water. The oil of cloves ofls a mixture of these two oils. When carefully and recently prepared it ishste Sa °r light-yellow, but by keeping becomes brownish-red. It has a hot, acridtt* 1 "' a .- , tbe "’ell-known odour of cloves, and is soluble in alcohol, ether, concentrated> 11 tli ’ ant * the fixed oils. Its sp. gr. is probably variable, though always greaterV v - 274\°^ Water - Lewis found it to be 1 -034. Bonastre (Ann. de Chim. et Phys.it * s lost Sa ^ s ’ that of the unrectified oil is 1 '0.55, but by rectification part of the light, c 0m ’ a '| ( l the sp. gr. is then 1 '061. Ettling (Poggendorf’s Annal. xxxi. 526) says« ,le k i, , S|t ' 011 ' s , Carbon 74-6279, Hydrogen 8-1531, and Oxygen 17-2189. To sepa-> tr, wh'i° lbe two °ds he mixed it with potash ley, and distilled : a light oil passed"d, by j- e a compound of the heavy oil (clove acid) and potash remained in the retort,hi"' Lio/'i ll ^ at ’ rm w *th phosphoric or sulphuric acid, gives out the heavy oil.c e °1 co °f Cloves (Clove-Hydro-Carbon). —Colourless. Sp. gr. 0-918. Incapa-tp^llitj mill S w ith bases, but absorbing hydrochloric acid gas without yielding a
fl ^ 8ee P < 7 | n ( ' | I’ 0UIKb ft cons ' sts °f C 1 # II 8 ; hence it is isomeric with oil of turpen-
Oil rif Cloves (Clove Acid ; Eugenic Acid). —It is colourless when recentlyIf^ioes' JJ* becomes coloured hy age. Its sp. gr., according to Bonastre, is 1-079. It(o***ltof • a lkalies to form crystalline salts (alkaline eugenates; clove-oil alkalies).n»/ e ’ Y Uni r) Iro " be added to one of these, it yields a blue, violet, or reddish compoundI, 1 UseJ . eugenate), varying somewhat according to the nature of the ferruginoustq^Pies yj j US the protosulphate of iron yields a lilac, the persulphate a red, whichT S lu red /r and afterwards blue; while the sesquichloride gives a vinous, whichf be C() a (“onastre). Nitric acid reddens clove acid.
Position of clove acid is as follows:—
fcs .
Atoms.
Eq. Wt.
Per Cent.
>5S*....:
7*Ch4
-jken
C,ov eAcid.
... 5
... 40 ....
2010 ...
1 .
... 199 ....
100 00 ...
Ettling. Boeckmann.72 6327 .... 72-696
7 4374 .... 7 434
19-9297 .... 19-870
99 9998 _ 100-000