1094 ELEMENTS OF MATERIA MEDICA.

,. first ao*l' ,s '|

This statement does not agree with that of Dumas, who, from his 11 . se coi |U

(Ann. de Chim. et Phys. Iiii. 164), gave tlie formula C’20 H 13 05; and froni ^one ( Pharm. Central-Blatt. Oct. 13, 1838, from Ann.der Pharm. xxvii. lot), j;ttli"S' sBut various reasons, not necessary here to enumerate, lead me to believe tn p u0) asSformula is the correct one, supported as it is by Boeckmann’s analysis and Qrg.

statement, that the sp. gr. of the vapour of clove acid is 6'4 {Ibid: also *noCAem. p. 1046). f clove* b /

2. Eugenia (Stearoptene of Oil of Cloves). —This was found m oil 0 Jt i*Bonastre. It is in thin, white, pearly scales, which become yellow by * <ee P. e j’|;er,very soluble in alcohol and ether; has the odour and taste of cloves, but "

is reddened by nitric acid. According to Dumas, its composition isHydrogen 7-G4, and Oxygen 20'11; or C 20 Hi2 0*. pharm-

3. Caryophyllin (Clove sub-resin ). —First described by Lodibert ( Journ■ de c ] 0 (e»

101) and afterwards examined by Bonastre (Ibid. p. 103). It is extracted J.'g ()U rba"by alcohol. The Molucca cloves yield the largest quantity of it; those 0 ta ste 'contain less; and the Cayenne cloves none. It is a satiny, crystalline, odour j’ e tber!less, fusible and volatile substance; insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol r in <r 10slightly so in caustic alkalies. It is reddened by sulphuric acid. ' ^ l®’®'

Dumas (Ann. de Chem. et Phys. Iiii. 164) it is composed of Carbon 79’5, Hyd r ^jjar 10

Oxygen lO'O; hence its formula is C20 ID 6 02; so that its composition is s

that of camphor (p. 791). . a nd

4. Clove-tannin .—The tannin of cloves is less acerb than ordinary tanni ,compound with gelatin has less elasticity.

Chemical Characteristics. —Nitric acid reddens infusion of ^ a j 3 oTincture of sesquichloride of iron renders it blue. The oil of cio' c jalundergoes similar changes to the infusion. These facts deserveattention in relation to opium and morphia (see Opium) on accoun ^analogous phenomena presented by morphia when acted on by m j 0 psesquichloride of iron (Journ. de Pharm. xi. 539 and 596). 1and oil of allspice are also similarly affected. r and

Physiological Effects. —Cloves have a very agreeable .ruis' 1 ,odour, and are devoid of the fiery taste and acridity which dis those °fpepper and ginger: in other respects their effects agree with r tai>tother spices (see p. 72). Though volatile oil is by far the most in h^ c0 n-of their active principles, yet the tannin, extractive, and resin, ®tribute something to their operation. fla' ° lir "

Uses. —Cloves are principally used for culinary purposes, as ^ . 0 \-eing ingredients. They are not employed in sufficient quantity nhcab} e ’of much importance as condimentary stimulants, yet they are app ^ fiieas gastric excitants, in dyspeptic cases connected with relaxation of aSalimentary canal. In medicine cloves are rarely employed alo ’ Wie-the basis or principal medicine, but usually as an addition to o ^ e ydicines, the flavour of which they improve, or whose operati a g to-correct. When, however, they are given alone, it is merely a^machic and carminative, to relieve nausea, vomiting, flatulence)allied stomach disorder. Distillers prepare a liqueur called clov • j|vC

Ahministration. —In substance cloves may be taken in dosesor ten grains, or ad libitum- „ (Jlot'f

1. Infusum Caryophylli, L. E. Infusum Caryophyllorum > Oj-

Tea. (Cloves , bruised, 5iij. [3j., D.]; Boiling [distilled, L-] ' c < r

[Oss. wine meas. D.\ Macerate for two hours in a vessel hg^ gt0 .vered, and strain [through calico, E.]) —Aromatic, stimulant, in

machic. Employed in dyspepsia, flatulent colic, gout, &c.; g el ^cd c -'combination with other medicines. Ammonia increases d sDose, f|j. to fSij. , ,„ c wU' 1

2. Oi.i:r.\i Caryophylli, E. (Obtained by submitting

cloves.