PERIOD OF LINNiEUS.

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buted to advance comparative anatomy, when lie says, inthe preface to the Regne Animal, page vi: “ Je dus done,et cette obligation me prit un temps considerable, je dusfaire marcher de front l’anatomie et la zoologie, les dis-sections et le classement; chercher dans mes premieresremarques sur l’organisation, des distributions meilleures;m’en servir pour arriver a des remarques nouvelles; em-ployer encore ces remarques 4 perfectionner les distribu-tions ; faire sortir enfin de cette fecondation mutuelle desdeux sciences l’une par l’autre, un systeme zoologiquepropre 4 servir d’introducteur et de guide dans le champde l’anatomie, et un corps de doctrine anatomique proprea servir de developpement et duplication au systemezoologique.”

Without entering into a detailed account of all thatwas done in this period towards improving the system ofZoology, it may suffice to say, that, before the first decadeof this century had passed, more than twice as manyclasses as Linnaeus adopted had been characterized in thismanner. These classes are: the Mollusks , Cirripeds, Crus­ tacea , Arachnids , Annelids , Entozoa (Intestinal Worms),Zoophytes, Eadiata, Polyps, and Infusoria. Cuvier 1 ad-mitted at first only eight classes, Dumeril 2 nine, Lamarck 3eleven and afterwards fourteen. The Cephalopoda , Gas­ teropoda , and Acephala, first so named by Cuvier, are inthe beginning considered by him as orders only in theclass of Mollusks ; the Echinoderms also , though for thefirst time circumscribed by him within their naturallimits, constitute only an order of the class of Zoophytes,

1 Cuvier (G.), Tableau 61ementaire 3 Lamarck (J. B. de), Systeme

de l’Histoire naturelle des Animaux; des Animaux sans Vertdbres, ou Ta-Paris, 1798, 1 vol. 8vo. bleau general, etc.; Paris , 1801, 1

2 Dumeril (A. M. C.), Zoologie vol. 8vo.—Histoire naturelle des Ani-

analytique, etc.; Paris , 1806, 1 vol. maux sans Vertebres , etc.; Paris ,8vo„ 1815-1822, 7 vols. 8vo.

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