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means of support being fixed in the bottom ofthe river.

The left bank was rocky, and nearly levelwith the water ; the right was bounded bya stone wall or wharf, 5 feet above the surfaceof the current. A working party of 200 menwas immediately sent into the village, to collectall kinds of dry timber to make a raft; and inthe mean time two ring-bolts were let into therocks at D and C, fig. 1, plate 9;* and six pinetrees, about 60 feet long, felled and broughtto the river by the followers of the army, whowere seized on and compelled to perform thisservice. The raft A being ready, one of the treeswas laid on, and secured to it, by spikes andcords,—a hole being bored in the other end ofthe tree, to fasten it by a heel rope, to the ring-bolt D. Beams or slips were laid under theraft, while it was constructing, upon whichto launch it; and when this was effected, astrong party held the rope E F, to ease the raftdown the stream, to G.

The rope was then secured to the ring-boltat C, and two additional turns taken round the

* Crow bars, pickaxes, or any pieces of iron, let in by adrill, into stones or rocks, will answer, if ring-bolts are not athand; but these are so necessary, that it will always be prudent•to have some of the description shown in figs. 14, 15 , plate 8.