CHAP. CXIir.

CONI'FEUjE.

CUPIIE'SSINAE.

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In Germany , the principal collections, next to that in the Botanic GardenBerlin are : at Worlitz, in Saxony ; at Harbcke, in Hanover; at Briick on theLeytha, near Vienna; in the University Botanic Garden, Vienna; and inthe' Botanic Garden, Gottingen. The nursery in Germany in which thereis the most complete collectionof Coniferas is that of Messrs. Booth, Ham-burg, who also keep the best assortment of pine and fir seeds.

In Russia, there are collections in the Imperial Botanic Garden, St. Peters-burg; and in the Government Garden at Nikitka, in the Crimea.

In Denmark, there is a collection in the Royal Gardens, Rosenburg,Copenhagen.

In Sweden, in the Botanic Garden at Lund.

In Italy, in the Botanic Garden at Monza, near Milan.

Sect. II. Cu p it e'ssin#:.

Tim Cupressina: differ from the ^fbietinae in being for the greater partshrubs or low trees, instead of lofty trees. They are all evergreen, with theexception of one species of Taxodium (T. distichum, the deciduous cypress);and none of them have the branches disposed in whorls, as is the ease with allthe pines and firs without exception. The greater part of the species arenatives of warm climates, and comparatively few of them are perfectly hardy inBritish gardens. One only, the common juniper, is a native of Britain; butbetween 30 and 40 foreign species and varieties endure the open air inEngland ; and 8 or 10 of these (exclusive of Taxodium), which have beennot less than 30 or 40 years in the country, and which have had time todisplay their shapes, form very handsome or remarkable evergreen low trees,or tall shrubs ; such as the red cedar, the white cedar, the eastern and westernarbor vita:, the Phoenician and tall juniper, the cedar of Goa, the com-mon and spreading cypress, &c. The greater number of the species oralleged species have, however, been but a short time in British nurseries, andare only to be seen as very young plants in the nurseries, or in very choicecollections. These lately introduced kinds are so imperfectly known amongcultivators, that little dependence is to be placed on the names whichare applied to them; and therefore all that we can recommend is, thatthey should be as extensively introduced into collections as possible, in orderthat they may grow np to some size, and be examined in various situationsby different botanists. In collecting, with a view to this object, some of thealleged kinds will doubtless turn out duplicates, but the only objection tothis, in the case of such very rare and interesting evergreens, is the first cost,which is comparatively a trifle. It may be observed of all the species ofCupressinae, that it is not easy to describe by words, and scarcely practicableto illustrate by figures, without the fruit, many of the different species of thisfamily; nevertheless, to a practised eye, it is easy to distinguish the threeleading genera, viz. IThuja, Cupressus, and Juniperus, by a portion of thebranch, without either flowers or fruit The flattened, two-edged, scaly, imbri-cated shoots of all the thujas, including Callitris (which may, if the readerchooses, be considered a subgenus), are two-edged, whether the specimenbe young or old; those of Cupressus are scaly and imbricated, but angularor roundish, and never two-edged; and those of ./uniperus, in the youngstate of the plants, have distinct acerose leaves, generally glaucous above, andoften in threes joined at the base.

Propagation and Culture. All the kinds may be propagated by layers andcuttings; and the most common species ripen seeds in Britain in abundance.The seeds, which generally lie a year in the ground, may be sown in spring;and the young plants may be treated in all respects like those of the pine

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