ENTOMOLOGY.

309

particularly the tormenting Gnats (Culex cantans, pipiens, sylvaticus), withSimulia reptam, nana, and Ceratopogon pulicarius. Thousands of two smallCicada;, Iassus (Germ.) abdominalis, E., and pattern, Zett., often filled thebag-net, making it difficult to examine the other contents. At the highestpoint of the mountain, near the snow-line, occurred Nebria nivalis, Cychrusrostratus, Leiochiton arcticus, Amara alpina, Patrobus septentrionalis, Lina*alpina; Argynnis pales, Psodos trepidaria, Geometria polaria (vel n. sp.),CMlo furcatellus ; (Estrus trompe, Echinomyia alpina, Anthomyia, new species,Tipula nubeculosa. Besides these, in the alpine regions were found,Colymbetes dolabratus, Uydroporus lapponum, striola, Anthophagus rotundi-collis, Omalium, new species, Silpha lapponica, Podabrus alpinus, Lina *lapponica, Gonioctena "f alpina; Argynnis freja, Erebia manta, norna (var.hilda), Lycvena, new species, (allied to pheretes), Zygcena exulans, Anartamelaleuca, melanopa, Psodos fascaria, the female of which, previously unknown,has only rudiments of wings), and other Lepidoptera ; of Hymenoptera ,Bombas nivalis, and lapponum, and a remarkable form of Tenthredo withserrated feelers; of Diptera , Tabanus borealis, alpinus, Thereva fuscinervis,Estrus tarandi, &c. The woods upon the slopes of the mountain, com-posed of rather slender spruce firs (Pinus abies), and the little dellsthrough which the brooks descend from the alpine heights, afforded manyspecies to invite attention, as Syniomium eenezm, Aphodius lapponum, piceus,Cetonia cenea, Trichius fasciatus, Mater bifasciatus, Ampedus nigrinus, Dicty-opterus aurora, Anthoeomus cardiacte, Pachyta borealis, marginata, smaragdula ;Argynnis thore, &c. The swamps and river banks, overgrown with smallwillow bushes, were rich in Diptera ; here also occurred Maphrus lapponicus,Pelophila borealis, Agonum consimile, various Omaliani, Tachinus elongatus,Ilylobius arcticus ; also Colias pattern, Argynnis pales, Hesperia fritillum, &c.Lastly, over the luxuriant meadows composed of Poa pratensis and Airacespitosa, and inclosed by natural hedges of willows, alders, &c., Pierisbryonia, Plusia divergens and other Lepidoptera were on the wing; withTabanus albomaculatus, borealis, auripilus, confinis, Chrysotoxum fasciolatum,and many Diptera besides. In the same situations occurred Amara torrida,quenselii, Simplocaria picipes, several species of Anisotoma and Hydnobius, aswell as Catops and Colon, Pachyta interrogationis, <o-maculata, and CoccinellaZ-fasciata.

Kollar and Redtenbaclier have given a sketch of theEntomology of Cashmere and the Himalaya mountains.(Aufzahlung und Beschreibung der von Freihernn C. V;Hiigel auf seiner Beise durch Kaschmir und das Hima-

* Chrysomela of English authors, Melasoma, Dillwyn,

f Chrysomela autt. Phytodecta, Kby.