187 APE
are gold mines: 2. a town in that province, seated on theCoca.
AONIDES, in mythology, one of the many appellations ofthe Muses ; so called from Aonia.
AORASIA, [from a negative, and osnw, to see,] in antiquity,the invisibility ot the gods. The opinion of the ancients with re-gard to tiie appearance of the gods to men, was, that they nevershewed themselves face to face, but were known from their backsas they' withdrew.
AORIST, [from ( 4, negative, and ojifw, to limit,] among gram-marians, a tense peculiar'to the Greek language, comprehendingall the tenses ; or rather, expressing an action m an indeterminatemanner, without any regard to past, present, or future.
AORISTIA, in the sceptic philosophy, denotes that state ofthe mind wherein we neither assert nor deny any thing positively,but only speak of things as seeming or appearing to us in such amanner.
AORNUS, a high rock of India , which has its name from itsextraordinary height, as being above the flight of a bird, its cir-cuit was about 2 j miles, its height 11 furlongs, and the way lead-ing up to the top artificial and narrow. At the bottom, on oneside, ran the river Indus ; on the top was a fine plain, part ofwhich was covered with a thick wood; the rest arable land, witha fountain furnishing abundance of excellent water. This rockwas taken by Alexander the Great .
AORTA , [44057,,, from bvj, air, and r>ip no, to keep, because theancients supposed that only air was contained in it,J the great ar-tery wh>< h vi>es immediately out of the left ventricle of the heart.It w divided into t.vo grand trunks, distinguished by the epithetsascend-ng u n i descending. See Anatomy.
AOS'l, AOOST, or AOUSTA, a territory of Piedmont,which has the title of a duchy. Also, the capital of the abovedistrict.
APACTIS. m botany, a genus of the (lodecandria monogyniaclass and order. ISo calyx; petals four, crenale, unequal; germsuperior. There is but a single species, a tree found in Japan .
APzLDEUTrE, illiterate persons. This term was particularlyused among the French in the time of Bluet; when the men ofwit at Paris were divided into two factions, one called by' way ofreproach, apaedeuta 1 , and the other eruditi.
APiEDUSIA,[from », priv. and iraiitnt,instruction,] ignoranceor unskilfulness in what relates to learning and the sciences.
APAGOGE, [from am, and ayw, I bear,] in the ancient Athe-nian law, the carrying a criminal taken in the fact, to the magis-trate. If the accuser was not able to bring him to the magistrate,it was usual to take the magistrate along with him to the housewhere the criminal lay concealed, or defended himself.
Apagoge, in logic. See Abduction.
Apagoge, in mathematics, is sometimes used to denote a pro-gress or passage from one proposition to another; when the firsthaving been once demonstrated, is afterwards employed in theproving of others.
APAGOGICALj [from «jrayu.-yn; compounded of «iro, from,and ayu, to bring or draw,] an apagogical demonstration is suchas does not prove the thing directly ; but shews the impossibility,or absurdity, which arises from denying it; and is also called re-ductio ad impossibile, or ad absurdum.
APALACHIAN Mountains, more properly called the Alle-gany Mountains , have their southern beginning near the bay ofMexico , in the latitude of 30 °, extending northerly on the backof the British colonies. See Aelegany.
APALUS, in natural history, a genus of the class and orderinsecta coleoptera. Antennae filiform ; feelers equal, filiform ;jaw horny, one-toothed; lip membranaceous, truncate, entire,inhere are two species, maculatus and the bimaculatus.
"APA M KA, now called Famia, a strong city of Syria , belowthe confluence of the Orontes and Marsyas . It was also thename of several other ancient cities.
APANAGE, or APENNAGE, in the late French customs,lands assigned by a sovereign for the subsistence of his youngersons, which reverted to the crown upon the failure of male issuein that branch to which the lands were granted.
APANTIIROPY, [«™, from, and avflfwjr©^ man, Gr.] inmedicine, denotes a love of solitude, and aversion for the companyof mankind.
APARGIA, in botany, a genus of the syngenesis tequalis class
and orderReceptacle naked ; call x imbricate ; down feathery,sessile. There are 17 species.
APARII IIMESIS, [from awresifytau, I number,] in rhetoric,is a figure, whereby that which might be expressed in lew wordsis branched out into several particulars, to enlarge the idea andrender it the more affecting.
A PA R T LM RN U S>, or APAR ! ISMENUS, in the ancientpoetry, an appellation given to a verse, which comprehended anentire sense or sentence in itself.
APA I 1 IY , [«, not, and wall'©', feeling,] among the ancientphilosophers, implied an utter privation of passion, and an insen-sibility of pain. The Stoics affected an entire apathy : they con-sidered it as the highest wisdom to enjoy a perfect calmness ortranquillity of mind, incapable of being ruffled by either pleasureor pain.
APATURIA, [from mrnrn, fraud,] in antiquity, a solemnfeast celebrated by the Athenians in honour of Bacchus . It issaid to have been instituted in memory of a fraudulent victoryobtained by Melanthus, king of Athens , over Xanthus, king ofBocetia.
APELLES , one of the most celebrated painters of antiquity,lie was born iu the isle of Cos, and nourished in the time of Alex-ander the Great , with whom he was in high favour. He executeda picture of this prince, holding a thunderbolt in his hand; apiece, finished with so much skill and dexterity, that it used to besaid, there were two Alexanders; one invincible, the son of Phi-lip ; the other inimitable, the production of Apelles. Alexander gave him a remarkable proof of his regard: for, when he employedApelles to draw Campalpe, one of his mistresses, having foundthat he had conceived an affection for her, he resigned her to him ;and it was from her that Apelles is said to have drawn his VermsAnadyomene. One of Apelles ’s chief excellencies was, his mak-ing his pictures so exactly resemble the persons represented ;insomuch that the physiognomists are said to have been able toform a judgment of the person’s destiny, as readily from his por-traits, as if they had seen the originals. But what is called gracewas the characteristic of this artist. His pencil was so famous fordrawing fine lines, that Protogenes discovered by a single line,that Apelles had been at his house. Protogenes lived at Rhodes :Apelles sailed thither, and went to bis house with great eagerness,to see the works of an artist, who was known to him only by name.Protogenes was gone from home; hut an old woman was leftwatching a large piece of canvas, which was fitted in a frame forpainting. She told Apelles that Protogenes was gone out: andasked him his name, that she might inform her master vdio hadinquired for him. “Tell him,” says Apelles , “he was enquiredfor by this person ;” at the same time, taking up a pencil, he drewon the canvas, a line of great delicacy. When Protogenes re-turned, the old woman acquainted him with what had happened.That artist, upon contemplating the fine stroke of the line, im-mediately pronounced that Apelles had been there; for so finisheda work could be produced by no other person. Protogenes , how-ever, himself drew a finer line of another colour; and, as he wasgoing away, ordered the old woman to shew that line to Apelles ,if he came again; and say,—“That is the person for whom yonare enquiring.” Apelles returned, and saw the line: he wouldnot for shame be overcome; and therefore, in a colour differentfrom either of the former, he drew some,lines so exquisitely deli-cate, that it was utterly impossible for finer strokes to be made.Protogenes now confessed the superiority of Apelles , tlew, to theharbour in search of him, and resolved to leave the canvas withthe lines on it, for the astonishment of future artists. Apelles shewed great liberality of mind towards Protogenes . With ideas,enlarged by education and literature, he was incapable of harbour-ing little jealousies of noble competitors; on the contrary, he wasthe first who made the works of Protogenes to be valued as theydeserved, among the Rhodians. He acknowledged that Proto-genes was in some respects superior to himself; but that in oneparticular himself excelled, viz. in knowing when to take his handfrom the picture ; an art which Protogenes had not yet learned,and theretore over-worked his pieces, i^pellesequally disapprovedof too elaborate diligence, or too hasty negligence, in execution.The works of Apelles were all admired ; but the most celebratedwere the picture of Alexander in the temple of Diana at Ephesus ,and that of Venus, emerging from the sea. Alexander was drawn
with