■of Antoninus Pins, leave us no room to doubt-its having been builtby his orders. The chief part of tir.s work were, 1, A broad Middeep ditch, whose dimensions cannot now be di-covered withcertainty, though Mr. Pont says it was twelve feet wide. 2. '1 lieprincipal well, about twelve feet thick at the toundation, but itsoriginal height cannot now be determined. This wall was situatedon the S. brink ot the ditch. 3. A military way on the S. side ofthe principal wall, well paved, and raised a little above the levelot the ground. This work, as well as that of Adrian, was defendedby garrisons placed in forts and stations along the line of it. Thenumber of these forts, whose vestiges were visible in Mr. Pout’stime, were eighteen, situated about two miles from each other.In the intervals between the forts, there were watch-towers; buttheir number and distances from each other cannot now be-dis-covered. It is not a little surprising, that though it is now morethan 1680 years since this work was finished, and more than 1300since it was slighted, we can yet discover from authentic monu-ments, which are still remainitfg, by what particular bodies ofRoman troops almost every part of it was executed. This dis-covery is made from inscriptions upon stones, which were origi-nally built into the face of the wall, and have been found in ornear its ruins, and are carefully preserved. The number of stoneswith inscriptions of this kind now extant, is eleven : of which sixmay be seen at one view in the college of Glasgow , one in thecollege of Aberdeen, one in the college of Edinburgh , one in thecollection of Baron Clerk, one at C'ochnoch hou,c, and one atCalder house. Prom these inscriptions it appears in general, thatthis great work was executed by the second legion, the vexilla-tions of the sixth legion and of the twentieth legion, and one co.hort of auxiliaries. If these corps were all complete, theywould make in alia body of 7800 men. Some of these inscrip-tions have suffered greatly by the injuries of time and other ac-cidents ; so that we cannot discover from them with absolute cer-tainty how' many paces of this work were executed by each ofthese bodies of troops. The sum of the certain and probable in-formation contained in these inscriptions, as it is collected by thelearned Mr. Horsley, stands thus:
Paces.
he second legion built.....11,603
ihe vexillation of the sixth legion.7,411
The vexillation of the twentieth legion.7,801
All certain.26,815
■The vexillation of the twentieth legion, the monument
certain, and the number probable...3,411
The same vexillation, on a plain monument, no number
visible, supposed.3,500
The sixth legion, a monument, but no number, supposed 3,000Cohors prima Cugernorum.,300
Total - 39,726
or thirty-nine miles 726 paces, nearly the whole lengtli of the wall.It would have been both useful and agreeable to have knownhow long time these troops were emploved in the execution ofthis great work. But of this we have no information. Ik either dowe know w'hat particular bodies of troops were in garrison in theseveral forts and stations along the line of this wall, because thesegarrisons were withdrawn before the Notitia Imperii was written.
ANTONIO, St. one of the CapedeVerd Isles, separated fromSt. Vincent’s, by a clear navigable channel, 15 miles broad.
ANTONIUS, the name of several eminent Romans: the mostcelebrated was Marcus, the triumvir. He was very handsome inhis youth ; for which he was greatly beloved by Curio a senator ;who, by carrying him about in all his debaucheries, made himcontract such heavy debts, that his own father forbade him hishouse. Curio, however, was so generous as to bail him for 250talents. When the civil war broke out, Curio took Civsar’sparty, and prevailed with Antony to do the same ; for which hewas made a tribute of the people, and in that office did Caesargreat service. Ca-sar, having made himself master of Rome , gaveAntony the government of Italy ; at the battle of Pharsalia, Caesarconfided so much in him, that he gave him the command of theleft wing of the army, whilst he himself led the right. After Cie-sar was made dictator, he made Antony general of the horse, inwhicli station he exerted his power with the utmost violence. Piewas made consul, when Catsar enjoyed that honour for the fifth
and last time. Oil Ciesar’s death, he harangued the populace withgreat art, and raiser! their fury against his murderers; Halt, ringhimself, that he should eas’dv get into the place which C’tesar hailfilled : but his haughty behaviour made him lose all the advan-tages his affected concern for Ca’sar had gained him. His illtreatment of Octavius Ca-sir and quarrel with him, produced ano-ther civil war; whicli ended in an accommodation between him,Octavius, ami Lepidus, fatal to the peace of Rome . Theyagreed to share the supreme power among them; and many ofthe most illu-trious Romans were sacrificed by proscription, to ce-ment this bloody league, which is known by the name of the Se-cond Triumvirate. But the triumvirs were too ambitious, andhated one another too much, to be long united. Antony wentinto Asia to raise money for his soldiers; during his absence, Ful-via his wife quarrelled with Octavius. When Antony was in Asia ,indulging himself in all manner of luxury, the famous Cleopatra inspired nim with the most violent passion. Hearing of the quar-rel between P’ulvia and Octavius, and finding Octavius was be-come publicly his enemy, Antony entered into a confederacywith Sextus Pom penis, who was still master of Sicily . He thenwent into Italy , to right Octavius; but P'ulvia, rvho had been thepromoter of this war, dying, Octavius and Antony came to anagreement. One of the conditions of this new peace was, thatthey should together attack Pompey , though the former hadlately made ail alliance with him. Antony then married Octavia,sister to Octavius, as a pledge of their renewed friendship ; 'butreturned soon after to his beloved Cleopatra , and lived with herin Alexandria. Octavius took hold of this pretence to inveighagainst him, and begin the war again. At last, they engaged in asea-fight at Actium , in whi h Octavius gained a complete victory.The infatuated Antony fell upon his ow n sword ; and Cleopatra stung herself to death with an asp, to avoid gracing the victor’striumph at Rome .
ANTONOMASIA, [from «v7i, and °vopa, a name,] a form ofspeech, in which, for a proper name, is pul the name of somedignity, office, profession, science, or trade; or when a propername is put in the room of an appellative. Thus a king is calledhis majestv; a nobleman, his lordship.
ANTOSIANDRIANS, a sect of rigid Lutherans , who op-pose the doctrine of Osiander, relating to justification.
ANTRAIN, a town of France, in the department of Isle andYilaine, 15 miles S. of Avnmelies.
ANTRIM, a county of Ireland, in the province of Ulster , andthe most northerly one in the island. It sends two members toparliament for tbe shire, and one for each ©f the following towns',viz. Lisburn, Belfast, Antrim, and Randalstown. Antrim containstwo remarkable natural curiosities; viz. the Giant’s Causeway, andLough Neagh. The waters of Lough Neagh are of a petrifyingquality. The linen manufacture is carried on very extensively inthis county.
Antrim, the capital of the county is seated at the N. end ofLough Neagh, about 13 miles W. from Carrickfergus. At An-trim is a seat, with noble demesnes, and beautiful and highly cul-tivated lands, of the earl of Massareene. Long. 6.6. VV. Lat.54.45. N.
ANTRUM IIighmorianum is a cavity within the sinus ofeach auxiliary bone. Surgeons sometimes mistake this for a ca-ries of the bone ; finding they can penetrate so deep into it witha probe.
ANTWERP, the capital of Brabant. It lies in a low marshyground on the Scheldt, 24 miles N. from Brussels. Long. 4. 15..E. Lat. 51. 12. N.
ANUBIS, a symbolical deity of the Egyptians, generally re-presented in the form of a man with a dog’s head, bearing a branchof palm in one hand, and a caducffius in the other, was regardedas the faithful companion of Osiris and of Isis.
ANVIL, the iron block on which the smith lays his metal tobe forged.
ANUS, [Lat.] in anatomy, the lower extremity ofthe intestinumrectum , or orifice of the fundament. See Anatomy.
ANXUR, in ancient geography, a city of the Volsci, in La-tium ; called Tarracina, by the Greeks and Latins: now Terra-cing. Long. 14. 5. E. Lat. 41. 18. N.
ANXURUS, AXURUS, or AXYRUS, epithets of Jupiter,worshipped at Anxur, without a beard.