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APO

orders, and answers, of a prince or emperor. He was aEo (he em-peror’s chancellor, and kept the seal.

APOCRISIA, in physic, the ejection of superfluities out of thebody.

APOCRUSTICS from to drive,] re-

medies endued svith a repelling and astringent power, dee RE-PELLENTS.

APOCRYPHA, Tfrovn s.irrei'V’a', to put out of sight,] booksnot publicly communicated ; books whose authors are not known.

It is used for the books appended to the sacred writings, whichbeing of doubtful authors, are less regarded.

Apocrypha, or Apocryphal Books, are not admitted intothe canon of scripture, being either spurious, or at least not ac-knowledged as divine. When the Jews published their sacredbooks, they gave the appellation of canonical and divine only tosuch as they then made public: such as were retained in their ar-chives they called apocryphal, for no other reason but because theywere qoncealed, or not made public; so that they might be reallysacred and divine, though not promnlged as such. Thus,in respectef the Bible , all books w’eve called apocryphal which were not in-serted in the Jewish canon of scripture. Vossius observes, that,with regard to the sacred books, none are to be accounted apo-cryphal, except such as had neither been admitted into the syna-gogue nor tlie church, so as to be added to the canon, and read inpublic. The Protestants not only reckon those books apocryphal,which are esteemed such in the church of Rome , asdlie prayer ofManasseh king of Judah, the llld and IVth books of Esdras, St,Barnabas’s epistle, the book of Hermes , the addition at the endof Job, and the 151st psalm; but al»o Tobit, Judith, the rest ofEsther, (he Wisdom of Solomon, Baruch, Ecclesiasticus , theSong of the Three Children, the story of Susannah, and of Beland the Dragon, and the 1st and the 2d book of Maccabees . Itis now pretended that these books were not received by tire Jews ,or so much as known to them. But this is not credible. Theyseem, most of them, to have been written by Jews . But none ofthe writers of the New Testament cite or mention them : neitherPhilo nor Josephus speak of them. The Christian church was forsome ages a stranger to them. Origen, Athanasius, Hilary, Cy-ril of Jerusalem , and all the orthodox writers, who have given ca-talogues of the canonical books of scripture, unanimously con-cur m rejecting these out of the canon. The Protestants acknow-ledge such books of scripture only to be canonical as were es-teemed to be so in the first ages of the church ; such as are citedby the earliest writers among the Christians as of divine authority,and after the most diligent inquiry were received and judged to beso, by the council of Laodicea. The apocryphal books, however,according to the sixth article of the church of England , are to beread for example of life and instruction of manners ; but it dothnot apply them to establish any doctrine: nor is even this use madeof them by the other reformed churches.

APOCVNUM, xuvav, of and xewy, a dog, becausethe ancients believed this plant would kill dogs,] Dogsbanf., age-nus of the digynia order, and pentandria class of plants. Corollabell-shaped; filaments nectareous, five, alternate with the stamina.It has 14 species.

APODACRYTICA, [from am and a tear,] in phar-macy, medicines proper to excite tears. .Some also use the termfor remedies proper to suppress tears.

APO DECT.K, [from I receive,] in antiquity, a

denomination given to ten general receivers, appointed by theAthenians, to receive the public revenues, taxes, debts, and thelike.

APODECTJEI, in the Athenian government, officers appointedto see that the measures of corn were just.

APODES, [from «, and denotes things without feet.

Abodes, in the Linmean system, the name of the first order offishes, or those which have no belly-fins. See Zoology .

APODICTIC'AL, [from ttwiAifir, evident truth ; demonstra-tion,] demonstrative; evident beyond contradiction.

APODIOXIS, in logic, [from a'.mlmxai, to exclude,] the rejec-tion of such things as do not necessarily belong to the question tobe considered.

Apodioxis, in rhetoric, a figure whereby we either pass over athing slightly, or refer treating of it to some other time .orplace.

APODIXIS, [asraJiifi;,] in rhetoric, an evident proof of a point.

APODOSIS, [from I apply,] in rhetoric, makes the

third part of a complete exordium, being properly the applicationor restriction of the protasis.

APOG/EON APOGEE, or APOGEUM, [from from,and yn, the earth,] in astronomy, that point of the orbit of a planet,or the sun, which is farthest from the earth. Ancient astronomy,which placed the earth in the centre of the system, was much takenup with ascertaining the apogee and perigee; which the modemshave changed for aphelion and perihelion.

APOGRAPH, [from «iro, and ■/{«?.«, to write,] a copy oftranscript of some book or writing.

Apograph, in ancient law, was, when a person, being sued formoney supposed due to the public, pleaded that the charge wasunjust, and withal produced all the mont'v he was possessed of,and declared by what means it came to his hands.

Apograph, in the Roman law, a catalogue or inventory ofgoods.

APOEEPSIS, [from MwoXK^Skva,, I retain,] in the ancient phy-sic, a retention of urine, or any other matter, which ought to beevacuated.

Apolepsis, [from amiaimi, 1 leave,] in the Athenian law, anaction of divorce; brought when a woman had tied from her hus-band.

APOLIDES, in antiquity, [from a, negative, and woKi;, a city,]persons divested of the privileges of Roman citizens,

APOLL1NAR1AN Games, in Roman antiquitv, games insti-tuted in the ^ear of Rome 542, to be annually performed in honourof Apollo. The Apollinarian games were merely scenical ; andat first only observed with singing, piping, and other sorts of mu-sic ; but atterwards, there were also introduced all manner of moun-tebank tricks, dances, and the like; yet so as that they still remainedscenical, no chariot races, w restling, or the like laborious exercise#ef the body, being ever practised at them.

APOLL1NAR1ANS, or APOLL1NARISTS, called also byEpiphanies Dimaritir, ancient heretics, who denied the proper hu-manity of Christ, a ..e body which he assumed

was endowed with a „ rational, soul, but that the

Divine Nature supplied the place of the intellectual principle inman.

APOLLO, in mythology, a pagan deity, worshipped by theGreeks and Romans. Cicero mentions four of the name; themost ancient of whom was the son of Vulcan : the second a sob ofCory has, and born in Crete ; the third an Arcadian, called No-niian, from his being a great legislator; and the last to whom Ihegreatest honour is ascribed, the son of Jupiter and Latona. Apollohad a variety of other names, either derived from his principle at-tributes, or the chief places where he was worshipped. He wascalled the Healer from his enlivening warmth and cheering influ-ence ; Piean, from the pestilential heats: to signify the former,the ancients placed the graces in his right hand ; and for the lat-ter, a bow- and arrows in his left: Nomius, or the shepherd, fromhis fertilizing the earth, and thence sustaining the animal creation :Delius, from his rendering all things manifest; Pythias, from hisvictory over Python; Lycias, Phaebus, and Phaneta, from his pu-rity and splendor. As Apollo is almost always confounded by theGreeks with the sun, it is no wonder that lie should be dignifiedwith so many attributes, ft was natural to adore the most gloriousobject in nature, whose influence is felt by all creation, and seenby every animated part of it, as the fountain of light, heat, andlife. The power of healing diseases being chiefly given by theancients to medicinal plants and vegetable productions, it was na-tural to exalt into a divinity the visible cause of their growth.—Hence he was also styled the God of Physic; and that externalheat which cheers and invigorates all nature, being transferredfrom the human body to the mind, gave rise to the idea of all men-tal effervescence coining from this god; hence, likewise, poets,prophets, and musicians, arc said to be Numine afllati, inspired byApollo. Whether Apollo was ever a real personage, or only thegreat luminary, many have doubted. Indeed, Vossius has takengreat pains toprove this god to lie only a metaphorical being, andthat there never was any other Apollo than ihe sun.—“ He wasstvled the soil of Jupiter (says this author), because that god wasreckoned by the ancients the author of the world. Ills mother■was called Latona, a name which signifies hidden; because, beforethe sun was created, all things were wrapped up in the obscurityof chaos, He is always represented as beardless and youthful, be-* cause-