.• -tC,

APO

191

APO

i-aiiic the ?un never grows old or decays. And vvliat else can hishow and arrows imply, but his piercing beams.'” And he adds,“ that all the ceremonies which were performed to his honour,had a manifest relation to the great source of light which he repre-sented. Whence (he concludes) it is in vain to seek for any otherdivinity than the sun, which was adored under the name of.Apollo.’' However, though this he in general true, yet it appearsfrom many passages in ancient authors, that there was some illus-trious personage named Apollo, who, after his apotheosis, wastaken for the sun ; as Osiris and Orus in Egypt , whose existencecannot be called in question, were, after death, confounded withthe sun, of which they became the symbols, either from the gloryand splendor of their reigns, or from a belief that their souls hadtaken up their residence in that luminary. Of the four Apollos .mentioned by Cicero , it appears that the three last were Greeks,and the first an Egyptian; who, according to Herodotus , was theson of Osiris and Isis, and called Orus.

APOLLONIA, feasts sacred to Apollo, instituted upon thefollowing occasion Apollo, having vanquished Python, wentwith his sister Diana to .'Egialea; but, being driven from thence,lie removed to the island of Crete . The fEgialians were soon af-ter visited with a plague ; upon which, consulting the sooth-savers, they were ordered to send seven young men, and asmany virgins, to appease these deities and bring them back intotheir country. Apollo- and Diana being thus appeased, returnedto digialea; in memory of which they dedicated a temple toPitho, the Goddess of Persuasion ; whence a custom arose ofchoosing every year seven young men, and as many virgins, to goas it were in search of Apollo and Diana.

APOLLONIAN Hyperbola and Parabola. See Hyper-bola , & c.

APOLLONIUS, of Perga, a city of Pamphylia , was a cele-brated geometrician , who nourished in the reign of PtolemyKuergetes, about 240 years before Christ ; being about 60 yearsafter Euclid, and 30 years later than Archimedes . He studied along time in Alexandria, under the disciples of Euclid; and af-terwards he composed several curious and ingenious geometricalworks, of which only his books of Conic Sections are now ex-tant, and even these not perfect. For it appears from the au-thor’s dedicatory epistle to Eudemus, a geometrician in Perga-nuis, that this work consisted of eight books; only seven ofwhich however have come down to us. From the Collections ofPappus, and the Commentaries of Eutocius , it appears thatApollonius was the author of various pieces in geometry, onaccount of which he acquired the title of the great geometrician.Ilis Conics was the principal of them. Of these the four first booksonly have come down to us in their original Greek language; butthe next three, the 5th, 6th, and 7th, in an Arabic version; andthe 8th not at all. These have been commented upon, translated,and published by various authors. Pappus, in his Mathematical■Collections, has left some account of his various works, with notesand lemmas upon them, and particularly on the Conics. AndEutocius wrote a regular elaborate commentary on the proposi-tions of several of the books of the Conics. A magnificent edi-tion of all the books was published in folio, by Dr. Ilalley, atOxford, in 1710; together with the Lemmas of Pappus, and theCommentaries of Eutocius. The first four in Creek and Latin ,but the latter four in Latm only, the 8th book being restored byhimself. The other works of this geometrician, mentioned byPappus, are, 1. The Section of a liatio, 2. The Section of aSpace. 3. Determinate Section. 4. The Taugencies. 5. TheI nclinations. 6. The Plane Foci, two books on each.

APOLLOS, in Scripture history, a Jew of Alexandria, whocame to Ephesus , during the absence of St. Paul, who was goneto Jerusalem (Acts xviii. 24.) Apollos was an eloquent man,well versed in the Scriptures; and spoke with zeal and fervour;but knowing nothing but the baptism of John, lie was only a ca-techumen, or one of the lowest order of Christians , and did notas yet distinctly know the mysteries of the Christian doctrine.However, he knew that Jesus Christ was the Messiah , and de-clared hiimelf openly to he nis disciple. V> hen therefore he wascome to Ephesus , he began to speak boldly in the synagogue,and to shew that Jesus was the Christ . Aq-uila and Priscilla hav-mg heard him, took him home with them; and instructed himmore fully in the ways of God . Some time after this he had amind to go into Admit j and the brethmp. wrote to the disciples,

desiring them to receive him. He arriv’d at Corinth , and wasthere very useful in convincing the Jews out of the Scriptures,that Jesus was the Messiah. Tfius he watered what St. Paul hadplanted in this city ; but the great fondness which his discipleshad for his person had almost produced a schism; some saying,“lam of Paul; others, I am of Apollos , I am of Cephas,” Ac.However, this division, which St. Paul speaks of in the chapterlast quoted, did not prevent that Apostle and Apollos from beingclosely united by the bands of charity. Apollos hearing that theapostle was at Ephesus , went to meet him, and was there whenSt. Paul wrote the Epistle to the Corinthians ; wherein he testi-fies, that he had earnestly-entreated Apollos to return to Corinth ,but hitherto had not been able to prevail with him ; that, never-theless, he gave him room to hope that he would go when hehad an opportunity. St. Jerom says, that Apollos was so dissa-tisfied with the division which had happened upon his account atCorinth, that he retired into Crete with Zena, a doctor of thelaw; and that his having been appeased by the letter which St,Paul wrote to the Corinthians, Apollos returned to the city, andwas bishop thereof. The Greeks made him bishop of Duras;others say, he was bishop of Iconium in Phrygia ; and others,that lie was bishop of Caesarea.

APOLLYON, a Creek word that signifies the Destroyer ,and answers to the Hebrew' Abaddon . St. John, in the Reve-lation, (ix. 11.) says, that an angel having opened the bottomlesspit, a thick smoke issued out of it; and with this smoke locusts,like horses, prepared for battle, and commanded by the angelof the bottomless pit, called in Hebrew Abaddon , but in theCreek Apollyon.

APOLOGUE, [ttiroxoy©-, Gr.] fable; story contrived toteach some moral truth. The only difference between a parableand an apologue is, that the former, being drawn from whatpasses among mankind, requires probability in the narration;whereas the apologue, being taken from the supposed actions ofbrutes, or even of things inanimate, is not tied down to thestrict rules of probability. jEsop’s fables are a model of this kindof writing.

APOtUSTS, or APOLYSIS, [from mmXiI release,] in tgeneral sense the solution, or resolution of any thing Tims weread of the apolysis of a disease, the apolysis of a bandage, orthe like.

APOMECOMETRY, [mm, from, distance, and

to measure,] the art of measuring things at a distance.

APOMELI, among ancient physicians, a decoction of honeyand vinegar, much used as a detergent promoter of stool, urine,&c. among the Greeks.

APOMYOS Deus, [from from, and jAtna, fly,] in tfiSheathen mythology, a name under w hich Jupiter was worshippedat Elis, and Hercules as well as Jupiter at the Olympic games.

APONO, Pierre d’. See Abano.

APONOGETON, in botany, a genus of the dodecandria te-tragynia class and order. Ament composed of scales; no calvxjno corolla; capsules three, four-seeded. There are four species,natives of India or the Cape.

APOPEMPTIC, [from to dismiss,] in the ancient

poetry, a hymn addressed to a stranger on his departure from aplace to his own country.

_ APOPHASIS, [Lat. hi ifatn;, a denying,] a figure in rheto-ric, by which the orator, speaking ironically, seems to wave whathe would plainly insinuate; as, Neither will I mention thosethings, which if 1 should, you notwithstanding could neither con-fute or speak against them.

Apophasis, in civil law, an answer or rescript of the prince.

APO PHLEGMATIC, [mm from, and that which lifts

the quality of drawing away phlegm.

APOPULEGMAl IZAN I, [mm and :■ a: yu".,] any remedywhich causes an evacuation of serous or mucous humour by thenostrils, as particular kinds of sternutatories.

APOPHTHEGM, [mm^Eyfcm,] a remarkable saying; a valu-able maxim uttered on some sudden occasion.

Apophthegms pronounced by eminent characters are nume-ous in ancient authors. Such is that of Cyrus: “ He is unworthyto be a magistrate, who is not better than his subjects.” Or this :“Tie that will not take care of his own business, will be forcedto take care of that of others: That of Artaxerxes Mnemon ,when reduced to hunger by the loss of his baggage: “ How much

pleasure