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the Minotaur, carried otT the Athenians he had relieved, together,with Ariadne ; whom, however, lie afterwards forsook.
ARIAN , in fabulous history, Ihe horse of Adrastus, which savedIds lite.
ARI ANA, in ancient geography, an extensive country, com-prising Raropamisus, Arachosia , Drangiana, and Gedrosia.
AR IAN I.SM, tlie doctrine of Arius , who lived in the beginningof ttie fourth century. See Arians, Arius , and Unitarian.
ARIANO, a town of Italy, 22 miles N. E. of Ferrara .
Ariano, a town of .Italy , 13 miles N. E. of Beneventn,
ARIANS, followers of Arius , a presbyter of the church ofAlexandria about A. I). 313: who maintained, that the Son ofGod was totally and essentially distinct from the Father ; that hewas the first and noblest of the beings whom God had created;the instrument by whose subordinate operation he formed theuniverse; and therefore inferior to the Father both in nature anddignity: also, that the Holy Ghost was not God, but treated bythe power of the Son. The Arians owned that the Son w as theW ord, but denied that M ord’tohave been eternal. Thev held,that Christ had nothing of man in him but the flesh, to which thel ay?;, or Word , w as joined, which unis the same as the soul in us.'l iie Arians were first condemned and anathematized by a councilat Alexandria in 320, under Alexander, bishop of that citv ; whoaccused Arius of impiety, and caused him to lie expelled from thecommunion of the church : ai)d afterwards by 380 fathers in thegeneral council of Nice, assembled by Constantine in 325. Thedoctrine, however, was not extinguished; on the contrary, it be-came the reigning opinion, especially in the East, where it ob-tained much more than in the West. The appellation Arian hasbeen indiscriminately applied, in more modern times, to all tho-ewho consider Jesus Christ as inferior and subordinate to the Father.Mr. Whiston was one of the first divines who revived this contro-versy, in the beginning of the 18th century. He was followed bvDr. Clarke, who published his famous book intitlcd “The Scrip-ture Doctrine of the Trinity, &e.” In consequence of which, hewas reproached with the title of Semi-Arian. lie was alsothreatened by the convocation and combated by argument. Dr.Waterland, was one of his principal adversaries. The late Dr.Price, was a very great advocate for the Arian system. TheArians were divided into various sects. But have been commonlydistributed into three classes viz. the Genuine Arians, Semi-Arians, and Eunomians.
ARICA, a sea-port of South America , in the province of LosCharaes, in Peril. Lon. 70. 15. W. Lat. 18. 26. S.
ARICINA, in mythology, an epithet of Diana, under whichshe was worshipped m the forest of Aricine.
ARICONlUM, a town of the Shores, a nation of the ancientBritons, now Hereford.
AR1DAS, a kind of taffety, manufactured in the East Indiesfrom a shining thread which is got from certain herbs, whence theyare styled aridas of herbs.
ARIDED, or ARIDEF, a fixed star of the second magnitude,in the extremity of the swan’s tail. It is also called Hierezim andAdigegk.
ARIDELOSIS, [tigiliiAmrir,] in rhetoric, is sometimes used forthe figure synonymia.
ARIEGE, a river of France, which falls into the Garonne .Gold dust is found amongst its sands.
ARI ES, the Ram; one of the twelve signs of the zodiac.
Aries, the battering-ram. See Battering-ram.
ARIETATION. See Earthquake.
ARIETUM levatjo, an ancient kind of sportive exercise,probably the same with what of later times is called running at thequintain.
AR ILEUS, in botany, the proper or exterior coat or coveringof the seed, which drying, falls off spontaneously. All seeds havenot this appendage.
ARI MAN I US, the evil god of the ancient Persians . The PersianMagi held twoprinciples: a good daemon, or god,and an evil one : thefirst the author ot all good, anil the other of all evil: the former theysupposed to be represented by light, and (he latter by darkness, astheir truest symbols. The good principle they named Yezador \ ezdan, and Ormozd or flormzda, which the Greeks wroteOromasdes; and the evil daemon they called Abriman, and theGreeks Arimanius. i
ARI MATH EA, a town of Judea , thought to be the same withRamalha, now called Manila ; and is in a very ruinous state, con-taining nothing but rubbish within its boundaries.
ARIMIN'OM, a town of Umbria, or Romagna , now calledRimini.
ARiOLI, in antiquity, a kind of pro] diets, or religious conjurers,who, according to Origen and Isidore, by abominable prayers, andhorrible sacrifices at the altars of idols, procured answers to theirquestions concerning future events.
AIMON, in fabulous history, an excellent musician and poet,,inventor of dilhvrambics. Periander entertained him at his court,where getting an estate, and returning to Corinth , the sailors, forthe sake of his money, threw him into the sea; when, according tothe poets, a dolphin, charmed with his music, look him on herhack and carried him safe ashore.
Arion, in the mythology, an admirable horse, much more-famous in poetic history than Bucephalus in that of Alexander.Authors speak variously of his origin, though they agree in givinghim a divine one. His production is most commonly ascribed toNeptune. This god, according to some, raised him out .of theground by a stroke of his trident: according to others, he bpgothim upon the fury Erynnvs; according to others, upon Ceres.This horse was nursed by the Nereids; and being sometimes yokedw ith the sea-horses of Neptune to the chariot ot this god, he drewhim with incredible sw iftness through the sea. Hercules mountedhim when he took the city of I’M is, gained the prize with him inthe race against Cygnus, and at last made a present of him torAdrastus.
ARIOSE, or ARIOSO, in music, the movement of a com-mon air, song, or tune.
ARIOSTO, Louovico, the famous Italian poet, author of Or-lando Eurioso, was bom at the castle of Reggio in Lombardy in1471. lie was chosen as a fit person to go on an embassy to RopeJulio II. where he gave such satisfaction, that he was sent again,underwent many dangers and difficulties, and at his return washighly favoured. The Duke of Ferrara delighted so much in hiscomedies, of which he wrote five, that he built a stage on purposeto have them acted in bis court, and enabled our poet to buildhimself a house in Ferrara , with a pleasant garden, where he usedto compose his poems, which were highly esteemed by all theprinces in Italy , who sent, him many presents; but he said, “hewould not sell'his liberty for the best cardinal’s hat in Rome .” Itwas a small, though convenient house. Being asked, why he hailnot built it in a more magnificent manner, since he had given suchnoble descriptions of sumptuous palaces, beautiful porticos, andpleasant fountains, in bis Orlando Eurioso? lie replied, “ Wordswere more cheaply laid together than stones.” In his diet he wasso temperate, that lie was lit to have lived in the world when menfed upon acorns, lie bore his last sickness with great resolutionand serenity ; and died at Ferrara the 8th of July, 1533.
ARlSHj a Persian long measure, containing 31 y7 English feet,or 38,364 English inches.
ARISE rice. The Indians call it when freed from the huskarisi; but in the husk, and upon the plant they call it nellon.
‘ ARISTA, in astronomy, the Spica Yirginis.
Arista, in botany, a long needle-like beard, that grows outfrom the husk of corn or grass ; called also the awn.
AR1ST.EUS, the son of Apollo and Cvrene, whom, for themany services he had rendered to mankind by his knowledge ofthe useful arts, (lie gods placed amongst the stars; where lie issaid to he the Aquarius in the zodiac. The resemblance of hishistory to that of Moses has been curiously discussed by11 not ins.
ARISTARCHUS , a celebrated Greek philosopher and astro-nomer, and a native of Samos ; the age in which he flourished isnot certain. Some parts of his writings and opinions are cited byArchimedes , lie maintained that the sun and stars were fixed inthe heavens, and that the earth moved in a circle about the sun, atthe same time that it revolved about its own axis. He determinedthat the annual orbit of the earth, compared with (lie distance ofthe fixed stars, is but as a (joint. For these opinions, he wascensured by -Jus contemporaries, some of whom went about toprove that Greece ought to have punished Aristarchus for hisheresy. 'Phis philosopher invented a peculiar kind of sun-dial,mentioned by Vitruvius . Ot his works we have now extant onlya treatise upon the magnitude aud distance of tlic sun and moon,* “ which