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gtiish the real beauties in each object, the ornaments that are agreeable jto it ami the proportions that subsist among the several parts ; anil by ■this faculty, he wll he regulated in the employment of his natu-ral talents. 'Phis labour consists not only in the prolound reflec-tions he will make on the properties of objects as they relate tothe tine ait<, but also in a con-.tant, assiduous study of the grandmodels of beautv. Ill. The third rule to he observed is the imi-taticn of nature. Kvery object to the universe has its peculiarnature, of which the artist should never lose sight in his manner ottreating it. In vain will he otherwise ornament ins work with themost relined and mo t brilliant strokes; for, if nature he notjostle imitated, the work will tor ever remain imperfect.Homer has sometimes sinned against this rule. [V. Pers-picuity forms the 4th rule of expression. In ail the tineart;, an obscure, perplexed, and ambiguous, and elaborate ex-pression, is alwavs bail. The true striking beauty must be manifestand perceptible to the most ignorant of mankind as well as themost learned. Those are ever false or inferior beauties that haveoccasion for a covering, a kind of veil that may make them ap-pear greater than they really are : true beauty wants no veil, butshines by its native lustre, From the union of the true imitationof nature with perspicuity of expression, arises that truth which isso essential in the productions of tire tine arts. V. In all tirepolitearts, and in all the subjects they embrace, there must neces-sarily reign an elevation of sentiment, that expresses eacli objectin the greatest perfection of which it is susceptible ; that imitatesy nature in her most exalted beauty. This makes the 5th generalrule. The design of the tine arts being to excite pleasure by theexpression of that which is beautiful, every artist should raisehimself above his subject; and, choosing the most favourable lightwherein to place it, should there embellish it with the greatest,most noble, and beautiful ornaments, that his own genius cansuggest; still, however, observing a strict imitation of nature.VI. From the observation of these two last rules resullsthesuhliine,which is the union of the greatest perspicuity with the strictesttruth and most exalted elevation possible. It is necessary to re-mark here, that the most simple and common subjects are sus-ceptible of a sublime that is agreeable to their nature. An idyl orlandscape may be as sublime in their kinds as an epic poem or ahistory piece. When Moses begins the book of Genesis withthese words, “ In the beginning God created the heaven and the■earth;” or when he tells us, that God said (< Let there he light,and there was light;” these expressions are sublime in the highest•degree, because they are perfectly clear, true, and elevated. Everyauthor should therefore endeavour after the sublime in every sub-ject that he undertakes. See Grandeur and Sublimity . But iflie cannot attain to this, it is indispensably necessary that lie con-stantly make use of expressions that are noble and refined. Everything that is low, indecent, or disagreeable, is naturally repugnantto the sublime, and ought to be banished from all works that pro-ceed from the liberal arts.

ART’A, or LARTA, a town of Turkey in Europe , in I.owerAlbana, 70 miles N. N. W. of Lepanto.

A HTARA, an ancient measure of capacity used by the Persians ,Modes, and Egyptians, which contained about lt)(>-J pounds ofwine or water, or 126 J pounds of wheat.

ARTAXATA, an ancient city, the metropolis of ArmeniaMajor. Tavernier mentions the ruins of Artaxata between Erivan and mount Ararat , but does not specify them.

Artaxata, or Atropatia, another city built also on theAraxes , in the northern part of Media.

ARTAXERXES I. king of Persia , simamed I.ongimanus,front tlie uncommon length of his arms, was the third son ofXerxes, king of Persia , lie slew his brother Darius on suspicionof his being guilty of the murder of his father, whiclt crime was,in fact, committed by Artabamis, captain of the guards. Artax-•erxes then ascended the throne B. C. 405, and in his time peacewas restored between Persia and Athens, after a war ot titty-oneyears. Artaxerxes is generally supposed to have been the Aha-suerus of scripture, who married Esther , and by whose permissionEzra restored the Jewish religion at Jerusalem . The 70 weeks of'Daniel are also dated in his reign, lie died B. C. 424, and wassucceeded by his only son Xerxes .

ARTE DI A, a genus of the pentandria digynia class of plants,the general umbel is multiple, plane, and patent; the partialumbel small, but similar; the general involucrum ten leaved:

partial involucrum two or three leaved, and turns outward : generalcorolla dirt'orm, amt radiated; the single (lowers of the disk areare all males, five pct.died ; the single flowers of the radius areall hermaphrodites, also live petalled ; fruit roundish; seeds two,oblong and elegantly ridged at the edges, with round squamma?.

AK I F L, a commercial association, consisting of a certain num-ber of labourers, who voluntarily become responsible as a body,for the honesty of each individual'. 'The separate earnings of eachman are put into tin* common stock ; a monthly allowance is madefor his support: and at the end of the year the surplus is equallydivided. Hence arises the denomination of Artelschisks, whoare persons employed by the Russian merchants of St. Peters-burg !], to collect payment on bills, to receive and pay money,and also to superintend the loading and unloading of the differentcargoes.

ARTEMIDORUS, an ancient author, tinder Antoninus Pius ,famous for liis treatise on dreams. He was born at Ephesus , buttook upon him the sirname of Daldianus in this book, from re-spect to his mother, whose native country was Daltis. He not onlybrought up all that had been written concerning the explication ofdreams ; but likewise spent many years in travelling, in order tocontract an acquaintance with fortune-tellers: he also carried onan extensive correspondence with all the people of this sort inGreece, Italy , and the most populous islands ; collecting all theold dreams, and the events which are said to have followed them.11 is work, though filled witli frivolous observations, containssome tilings interesting.—It was first printed in Greek at Venicein 1518; and Rigallius published an edition at Paris, Gr. and Lai,in 1603, and added some notes.

ARTEMIS, an epithet of Diana.

AR TEMISIA H. queen of Garia, the widow of king Mnu-soius, lias immortalized herself by the honours which she paid t«the memory of her husband. She built for him in Halicarnassus ,a very magnificent tomb, called the Mausoleum , which was oneof the seven wonders of the world, and from which the title of Mau-soleum was afterwards given to all tombs remarkable for theirgrandeur; hut she died of grief before the Mausoleum was fi-nished. Her affection for him was so great that she is said to havedrank his ashes. She appointed panegyrics to be made in honourof him, and proposed a prize of great value for the person whoshould compose the best. He died B. C. 351.

Artemisia, Mugwort, Southernwood, and Wormwood ,a genius of the polvgamia supertiua order, and syngenesisclass of plants ;'ami in the natural order, Composite nucamen-taceie; receptacle naked or villous ; Calyx imbricated withroundish scales: and the corolla lias no radii. It lias about lit)specise, of which the following arc the most remarkable, viz.

1. A. Abrotanum, or southernwood, w hich is kept in gardensfor (lie sake of its agreeable scent.

2. A. Absinthium, or common w ormwood, grows naturally inlanes and uncultivated places.

3. A. Arbouf.scf.ns, or tree worm-wood, grows naturally inItaly and the Levant near the sea.

4. Dr acunculus, or T arragon, is frequently used in sal-lads, especially by the French , and is a very hardy plant, spreadinggreatly by its creeping roots.

5. A. Santonicum, produces the semen santonicum, w hich ismuch used for worms in children. It grows naturally in Persia ,from whence the seeds are brought to Europe . It has the appear-ance of our wild mugwort.

(i. A. Vulgaris, or common mugwort, grows naturally on banksby the sides of foot paths in many parts of Britain .

Artemisia, yearly festivals anciently observed in divers citiesin Greece, particularly Delphi, in honour of Diana Artemis .

ARTEMISLUM, a promontory on the N. E. of Euboea , me-morable for the first sea engagements between the Greeks andXerxes .

Artf.misium, a town of Oenotrin, now' called St. Agatha, inCalabria .

Artemisium, a town of Spain on the sea coast of Valencia,called also Dianium, and now Denia.

ARTKMON, the founder of the sect of Artemonites, who flou-rished about the year 210.

ARTEMONI TES, in church history, Christians in the thirdcentury, who denied the divinity of Christ, asserting him to havehad only a human nature, though divinely sent, and more excel-lent