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Aubin, St. a biy and a sea-port cf the isle of Jersey .AUBLETIA, a genus of the monogynia order, and polyandriaclass of plants. Calyx five-leaved; corolla tive-petaled ; capsulebristly, many-celled. Four species natives of Guiana ; all trees withalternate leaves and flowers.

AUBONNE, a town and district, or bailiage of Switzerland ,in the canton of Bern .

AUBREY, John, F.R.S. a famous English antiquary, de-scended from an ancient family in Wiltshire , was born in 162(5.He made the history and antiquities of England his peculiar study ;and contributed considerable assistance to the famous MonasticonAnglicanmn. He wrote, 1. Miscellanies. 2. A Perambulationof the county of Surry, 5 volumes, Svo. 3. The Life oi Mr.Hobbes of MalnisLury. 4. Monuments Rritannica, ora discourseconcerning Stonehenge , and RoH-Richslones in Oxfordshire. 5.Architectonica Sacra. 6. The Natural History of'Wit-hire. 7.Universal Education, and several other works still in MS.

AUBUSSON, a small town of France, 37 miles N. E. of Li-moges . Long. 2. 15. E. Lat. 45. 5S. N.

AUCAUGREL, the capital of Adel in Africa . Long. 44. 25.E. Lat. 9. 10. N.

AUClI, AGUE, AUCHE, or AUX, a city of France , in thedepartment of Gers , of which it is the chief town.

AUCTION, in medical writings, the nourislunent of an animalbody, whereby it is increased in size.

Auction - , ftmetio,] a kind of public sale, very much in use forhoushold-goods, books, plate, &c. By this method of sale, thehighest bidder is always the buyer. This was originally a kind ofsale among Ihe ancient Romans, performed by the public criersub bastia, /. c. under a spear stuck up on that occasion, and bysome magistrate, who made good the sale by delivery of thegoods.

Al/CTOBATI, in Homan antiquity, persons who entered thelists as gladiators, and received wages; or hired themselves toperform in the public games.

Auctorati Milites, soldiers bound by oath, and the receipt ofwages, to serve in war.

AUCUBA, a genus of the tetrandria order and monoecia classof plants: male, calyx four-toothed; corolla four-pelalled; berryhas one seed: female, no nectary; nut one-celled ; one species,a tree of Japan .

AUDE, a department of France , bounded by that of Arriege,on the W. It is named from Aude, a river of France , which risesin Cerdaghe, among the Pyrenees , and falls into the Mediterra-nean, a little to the N. E. of Narbonne .

AUDEUS, or AUDIUS, the chief of the Audeans, obtainedthe name of an heretic, and the punishment of banishment, forcelebrating Easter in the manner of the Jews , and attributing ahuman form to the Deity. lie died in the country of the Goths ,about A. D. 370.

AUDIANISM, the system of Audeus, and his followers; par-ticularly as to their belief of the human figure of the Deity.

AUDIENCE COURT, a court belonging to the archbishop ofCanterbury , of equal authority with the arches-court, though in-ferior both in dignity and antiquity.

Audience Courts are chiefly concerned in deciding diffe-rences arising upon elections, consecrations, institutions, mar-riage 5 , &c.

Audience, is also the name of a court of justice established intlie West Indies ' by the Spaniards, answering in effect to the parlia-ment, under the old government of France .

AuDien'ue of Ambassadors, a ceremony observed incourts at the ad;-..’. .ion of ambassadors, or public ministers, to ahearing.

AUDIENDO et Terminando, a writ, or rather a commis-sion to certain persons, when any insurrection or great riot iscommitted in any place, for the appeasing and punishmentthereof.

AUDIENTES, or AUD1TORES, in church-history, an or-der of catt chumens ; consisting of those newly instructed in tinmysteries of the Christum religion, and not yet admitted to bap-tism.

AUDITOR OF THE RECEIPTS is an officer of the exche-quer who Me- the teli, rs bills, makes an entrj of them, and givesthe lord treasurer a certificate of the money received the w eek be-fore.

Auditors Collegiate, Conventual, &c. officers fonneilyappointed in colleges, &c. to examine and pass their accounts.

Auditors op the Prest and Imprest, officers of the exche-quer, who made up the accounts of Ireland , Berwick, the mint,and of money impressed to any man for the king’s service.

Auditors op the Revenue, or of the exchequer, officers whotake the accounts of those who collect the revenues and taxesraised by parliament, and also the accounts of the sheriffs, is-cheators, collectors, tenants, and customers, and set them down ina book and perfect them.

AUDI TORIUM, in (lie ancient churches, was that part wherethe audientes stood to hear and lie instructed. 'The auditoriumwas the part now called navis eccles’ue. See Nave.

AUDITOR!US, Meatus, the Auditory passage or entranceof the ear, called also aurium alveare, on account of the wax col-lected in it. See An atom v.

AUDITORY is also used for the bench whereon a magistrateor judge, hears causes.

Auditory Nerves, the 7th pair, arising from the medullaoblongata, and distributed, the one to the ear, the other to thetongue, eje, &c. See Anatomy.

AUDRAN, the name of a family of artists in France : viz;Charles Audran the elder, was born at Paris , in 1594. His work*are numerous and excellent. They are distinguished by a K. Hedied in 1673.—Claude, a in phew of the preceding, was born atLyons, in 1639, and studied under his uncle. He was employedby LeBrun in painting part of the pictures of Alexander’s battles,at Versailles, and became professor of painting in the Royal Aca-demy of Paris , where lie died in 1684.—Girard, the brother ofthe last-mentioned, and the most celebrated of the family, wasborn at Lyons in 1640, and studied under Le Bren at Paris . Heengraved that artist’s pictures of Alexander’s battles in a masterlymanner, and died at Paris in 1703.—Claude, nephew of Girard,was born at Lyons in 1685, and became famous tor painting orna-ments. He was appointed king’s painter, and died in 1734.—.John, brother of the last-mentioned, was born in 1067, and studiedengraving under his uncle Girard ; lie died at Paris in 1756.

AVF.IRO, a considerable city of Portugal , in Beira. Theinhabitants of Aveiro have the singular privilege, that no strangirwhatever can pass a night there without leave of the magistrate.It lies 30 miles S. of Oporto. Lon. 8. 30. W. Lat. 40. 40. N.

AVEIRON, a department of France , bounded by that ofCantal on the N. It is named from, Aveiron, a river of France ,w hich rises near Severac, and tails into the Garonne below Mon-tauben.

AVELLA, a town of Campagna di Roma.

AVELLANE, in heraldry, a cross, the quarters of whichsomewhat resemble a filbert-nut.

AVELL1NO, a city of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples .

AVE MARIA, or AVE MARY, [from the words of the salu-tation to the Blessed Virgin , Avc Marta.'] a form of worship re-peated by the Romanists in honour of the Virgin Mary .

AVENA , Oat-Grass, a genus of the digynia order, and tri-andria class of plants ; natural order, gramma. Calyx, glumegenerally many-flowered, two-valved ; valves lanceolate, acute,vtntricose ; corolla two-valved; awn, spirally twisted, reflex;nectary two-leaved; leaflets lanceolate, gibbous at the base;stamina filaments three, capillary; seed one, slender, oblong, ac-cumulate at botli ends, marked with a longitudinal furrow. Thereare 34 species, of which the A. sativa, cultivated oat, has fourvarieties, the white, black, brown or red, and the blue oat;panicled ; calyxes two-seeded ; seeds very smooth, one-awned.See Husbandry.

AVENAGE, [of arena, oats, Lat.] a certain quantity of oafspaid to a landlord, instead of some other duties, or as a rent bythe tenant.

AVENCHE, an ancient city of Switzerland , in the canton ofBern, 15 miles W. of Bern .

AUENIIEIM, a town of Germany , near Oflenbourg.

AVENIO, an ancient town of Gavares, now called Avignon .

AVENOR, an officer under the master of the horse.

AVENTINE , or AVENTINUS, one of the seven hills onwhich Rome was built. Itwas also called Murcius, from Murcia ,the goddess of sloth, who had a little chapel there ; Golds Diana’,from tlie temple of Diana; aiul Eemonius, from Remus, whowas buried there.

AVE NT U ILL,