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AA ; ENTITLE, in our ancient writers, signify tournaments, ormilitary exercises on horseback.

AVEN UE, in fortitication, an opening or inlet into a fori, bas-tion, or the like place, or the passes and ways to and from it.

Avenue, in gardening, a walk planted on each side with trees,and leading to a house, garden-gate, wood, &c. and generallyterminated by some distant object. All avenues that lead to ahouse ought to be at least as wide as the whole front of the house,if wider they are letter still; and avenues to woods and prospectsought not to be less than 60 feel wide. The trees should not beplanted nearer to one .another than 35 feet, especially if they areof a spreading kind.

AV£R AG E, in commerce and navigation, is divided into threekinds. 1. The simple average, which consists in the extraordinaryexpenees incurred for the ship alone, or for the merchandizesalone ; such as the loss of anchors, mast-, and rigging, occasionedby the common accidents at sea ; the damages which happen tomerchants by storm, prize, shipwreck, wet, or rotting ; all whichmust be borne and paid by the thing which suffered the damage.2. The large and common average, being those expenses incurred,and damages sustained, for the common security of the mer-chandizes and vessels, consequently to be borne by the ship andcargo, and to be regulated upon the w hole. Of this number arethe goods or money given tor the ransom for the ship and cargo,things thrown overboard for the safety of the ship, the expeneesof unloading for entering into a river or harbour, and the provi-sions and hire of the sailors, when the ship is put under an em-bargo. 3. The small averages, which are the expenees fortowing and piloting the ship out of or into harbours, creeks, orrivers, one third of which must be charged to the ship, and twothirds to the cargo.

AVE LINO, the ancient Avernus, a lake of Lavoro, in Naples ,lying in a narrow valley, two miles long and one broad. Themodern Italians call it, Lago di Tripergola. See the nextarticle.

AVERNUS, or AVERNO, a lake of Campania in Italy , nearBaia , famous among the ancients for its poisonous qualities. Itis so called from «o=»o;, embus cart ns, because no birds werefound on its banks. It was supposed by the ancients to be theentrance to hell.

AVERRtlOA, a genus of the decandria order, and pentagyniaclass of plants; natural order, Gruinales. Calyx five-leaved;petals five, opening at top ; apple or fruit pentagonous, and hve-celled. There are ‘2 species. The

A. Carambc la, called in Bengal the camrue or cam-runga, is remaikai ie lor possessing a power somewhat similar tothose species ot M imosa which are termed sensitive plants; itsleaves, on being touched, moving very perceptibly.

AVERROES , one of the most subtile philosophers'that everappeared among the Arabians, nourished about the end of the11th and beginning of the 12th centuries. He was tin: son of thehigh priest and chief judge of Cordova in Spain ; was educated inthe universisy of Morocco ; in which lie was afterwards a pro-fessor ; and studied natural philosophy, medicine, mathematics,law, and divinity. After the death of his father, he enjoyed hisposts; and was farther promoted by Almanzor, emperor of Mo-rocco, to be judge of Morocco and Mauritania , with leave to ap-point delegates', and remain at Cordova. But notwithstandinghis great emoluments, his liberality to men of letters in necessity,whether they were his triends or his enemies, made him alwaysin debt. He was afterwards stripped of all his posts, and throwninto prison, for heresy ; but the judge w ho succeeded him, beingconvicted of oppression, lie was restored to his former employ-ments. lie died at Morocco in 1206. He was excessively fat,though he eat but once a-day. He spent all his nights in the studyof philosophy ; and when fatigued, amused himself with poetryor history, lie was never seen to play at any game, or to par-take in any diversion. He was extremely fond of Aristotle ’sworks, and wrote commentaries on them ; whence lie was styled,The commentator, by way of eminence. He likewise wrote, awork on the whole art of physic, entitled “ Colliget, i. e. Uni-versal ,” and many amorous verses, but these he burnt when hegrew old. His other poems are lost, except a small piece, inwhich he says, “ That w hen he was young, he acted against hisreason ; but" that when he was in years, he followed its dictates.”

AVER ROl STS, a sect of peripatetic philosophers, vhoap-

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peered in Italy some time before the restoration of learning, andattacked the immortality of the soul. They took their denomi-nation from Averroes, the. celebrated interpreter of Aristotle (si e.the last article), from whom they borrowed their distinguishingdoctrine.

AVERRUNC-I DET, [from averrrmeo, to avert,'] god--, vbo-ebusiness it was, according to the Pagan theology, to avert mis-fortunes. Apollo and Hercules w ere of the number, among theGreeks ; Castor and Pollux , among the Romans, and his amongthe Egyptians.

AVERS A, a town of Italy, in Naples , near the site of theancient Atela.

AVERSION, according to Lord Kames , is opposed to affec-tion, and not to desire. It is considered a-i synonymous withantipathy.

AVKS. See Avis.

Aves, or the Isle of Birds, one of the Caribbee islands,' 451miles S. of Porto Rico , with a good harbour for careeningships. It is so called from the great number of birds that fre-quent it

AVEZZANO, a town of Naples in Abruzzo .

AUFFEN, a town of Austria , in Upper Stiria. Lon. 34. 0. E.Lat. 47. 13. N.

AUGE, a late territory of Normandy in France , whichextended from Ealaise and Argenlon, as far as the sea, betweenthe rivers Dives, Vie, and Tongues. It is comprehended in thedepartments of Calvados and Orne .

Auge, in astronomy, the same with Apsis.

AUGEAS, in fabuious history, king of Elis, famed for hisstable, which contained 3000 oxen, and had not been cleanedfor 30 years. Hercules was desired to clear away the li 1th in oneday; and" Augeas promised, if he performed it, to give him atenth part of the cattle. This task Hercules is said to have exe-cuted by turning the course of the river Alpheus through thestable ; when Augeas refusing to stand by his engagement, Her-cules slew hint with his arrows, and gave his kingdom to l’hyleushis son, who had shown an abhorrence of his father’s insincerity.

AUGES, in astronomy, two points in a planet’s orbit, other-wise called apsides, the one denominated the apogee, the otherperigee.

AUGHER, a town of Ireland , in the county of Tyrone, 12miles S. AV. of Dungannon .

AUGTTE, a mineral of the chrysolite family, found in basalt,sometimes in grains, but most commonly in crystals, mostly smalland complete. Colour blackish green, sometimes passing intoleek green, and rarely to liver brown. Specific gravity 3.22 to3.47.

AUGMENTATION Court. A court erected by KingHenry the Eighth, for the increase of the revenue of his crown,by the suppression of monasteries.

Augmentation Office of the above rourt still remains,wherein there are many curious records, though the court has beendissolved long ago.

Augmentations, in heraldry, are additional charges to a coat-armour, frequently given as particular marks of honour, and gene-rally borne either in the escutcheon or a conton.

AUGSBURG, a city of Germany, the metropolis of the circleof Suabia , seated near the continence of the Ardech and the Tech,in a very beautiful plain. It is one of the largest and handsomestcities of the late empire. It is situated 30 mile N. AV. of Munich .Lon. 11. 4. E. Lat. 48. 72. N.

Augsburg , or Augustan Confession, a celebrated confes-sion of faith drawn up by Luther and Melancthon , on behalf ofthemselves and other ancient reformers, and presented in 1550 tothe emperor Charles V. at the diet of Augusta or Augsburg , inthe name of the evangelic body. This confession contains 23chapters; of which the greatest part is employed in representing,with perspicuity and truth, the religious opinions of the Pro-testants , and tiie rest in pointing out the errors and abuses thatoccasioned their separation from the church of Rome .

AUGUR,, [from avis, a bird, and garrio, to chatter,] inRoman antiquity, an otlicer appointed to torclu future events, bythe chattering, tlight, and feeding, of birds.

AUGURATORIUM, or AUGURACULUM, a building onthe Palatine mount, where public auguries were taken.

; AUGULUV, the art ol loretelling, future events, by cb-erva

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