BAD

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BiEC

Tv tiich only contaminates the salt. Although we have given direc-tions for preparing bacon, we by no means wish to insinuate, thatit atfords a wholesome article of nutriment. Such delicaciesshould only be eaten by the robust, the laborious, ami healthy, ingreat moderation, and seldom. Under these conditions, they mayoccasionally afford proper exercise to a sound stomach, when takenin small quantities, in the morning, or previous to a long journeyin cold ami serene weather. On the contrary, in weak and lan-guid habits, these artificial preparations, not unlike all induratedanimal fat, are most difficult of digestion, and therefore improper.As they easily turn rancid in the stomach, or are perhaps alreadytainted by long suspension, persons afllicted with hectic fevers, orliable to the heart-burn, ought entirely to abstain from their use.

Bacon , the service of the, a custom, mentioned by ourold historians and law-writers, as well as in the Spectator, as held inthe manor of Whichenacre in Staffordshire , and in the priory ofDunmow in E.-sex. In the former of these places, by an ancientgrant of the lord, a flitch of bacon, with half a quarter of wheat,was to be given to every married couple who could swear, that,having been married a year and a day, they would never withinthat time have once exchanged their mate for any other person onearth, however richer, or fairer, or the like. But they were tobring two of their neighbours to swear with them that they believedthey swore the truth. On this the lord of another neighbouringmanor, of Rudlow, was to find a horse saddled, and a sack to carrythe bounty in, with drums and trumpets, as far as a day’s journeyout of the manor; all the tenants of the manor being summoned toattend, and pay service to the baron. The bacon of Dunmow,first erected under Henry III . was on much the same footing; butthe tenor of the oath was only that the parties had never once re-pented, or wished themselves unmarried again.

BACOPA, in botany, a genus of the pentandria monogyniaclass and order. Natural order Succulenta. Calyx five-parted;corolla with a short tube spreading at top ; stigma headed ; cap-sule one-celled. One species, viz. B. aquatica, a native of Cayenne,on the borders of rivulets. The French call it herbe-aux-brulures,on account of its efficacy in curing burns.

BACTRIA, or BACTRIANA , now Chorassan or Khorasan,<j»n ancient kingdom of Asia. It was a large, fruitful and well-peopled country, containing many cities, of which that formerlycalled Maracanda, now Samarcand , is the most considerable.

BACTRIS, a genus of plants of the monoecia hexandria classand order. Male-calyx three-parted ; corolla one-petaled, three-cleft. Female-calyx one-leaved, three-toothed; corolla one pe-taled, three-toothed; stigma obscurely three-cleft; drupe coria-ceous. It has two species, the minor and major, trees both ofC'arthagena in South America .

BACTROI’ERATyE, [from a staff, and a bag,]

an ancient appellation given to philosophers by way of contempt)denoting a man with a stall'and a budget.

BACULARES, a sect of Anabaptists , so called, as holding itunlawful to bear a sword, or any other arms, besides a staff.

BACULARIUS, in writers of the middle age, an ecclesiasticalapparitor, or verger ; who carries a staff, bacillus, in his band, asan ensign of his office.

RACE EE, in fortification, a kind of portcullis or gate, madelike a pit-fall with a counterpoise, and supported by two greatstakes. It is usually made before the corps du guard, near the gateof a place.

BACULOMETRY, [from baculus Eat. and ^frjov, Gr.] the artof measuring distances bv one or more stave-*.

BACURHJS, or BATlRiUS, king of the Iberians, a peopleon the side of the Caspian sea. One day being a-hunting, he lostsight of his company, through a great storm and sudden darkness ;upon which he vowed to the God of his Christian slave, that, if liewere delivered, he would worship him alone ; the day breaking upimmediately, be made good his promise, and became the apostleof his country.

BADAGSHAN, a very ancient city of Great Bukliaria, in theprovince of Balkh .

BADAJOX, or BADAJOZ , a large and strong town, capital ofEstreniudura in Spain, 175 miles S. by W. of Madrid .

BADALON, or BADE*EONA, a fbrtiiied town of Catalonia in Spain, 10 miles from Barcelona .

BADBURY, [from haddan, a pledge, and bi/rig, a city,] atown in Dorsetshire , where formerly the court of the West Saxon

kings was held, and the hostages of subdued countries werekept.

BADCOCK, Samuel, the son of a reputable butcher, wasbom at S. Molton, Devonshire , in 1747, and bred a dissentingclergyman. He was first pastor at Boer-lfegis m Dorsetshire , anilafterwards at Barnstaple , for about 10 years. Here meeting win,some of Dr. Priestley’s publications, he paid the Dr. a visit, andestablished an intimate correspondence with him. But upon far-ther investigation of the subject, he found by researches into eccle-siastical history, that Unitarianism was far from commencing soearly as the Doctor alledged. In 1777 he removed to his birth-place, and in 1780, lie engaged as a writer in the Monthly Re-view. The controversy then agitated by Dr. Priestley, Price,and others, respecting the materiality of the soul, led him to pub-lish his thoughts upon the subject, in a pamphlet entitled, “ Aslight Sketeli of the Controversy between Dr. Priestley and hisOpponents;” w hich was repeatedly quoted by others with greatapprobation. In 1781, he wrote a poem, entitled, the Hermitage,and reviewed Madan’s Thelypthora, greatly to the satisfaction ofthe public. In the controversy concerning the authenticity ofRowley’s Poems, lie took the negative side, and displayed hisusual ingenuity. In the Monthly Review for 1783, a quarter fromwhich tlie Doctor little expected to be so assailed, lie attacked Dr.Priestley’s “ History of the Early Opinions relative to JesusChrist, ’’ with such strength of reasoning, that the Dr. withoutknowing who his antagonist was, paid him the compliment, in Ills“ Reply to the Animadversions,” of saying, “ The knowledge andability of the present Reviewer makes him a much more formida-ble, and therefore more respectable antagonist.” In his succeed-ing Review for September 1783, (for lie bad not finished his cri-tique, when the Dr. replied,) he gave a complete examination,and, as many think, a complete refutation, botii of the Doctor’sHistory and his Defence. Being applied to by Dr. White to as-sist him in completing his lectures, lie wrote the greater part of the1st, 3d, 4th, 5th, 7th, and 8th lectures; with one-fourth of thenotes subjoined to them. In 1786, having expressed an intentionof conforming to the established church, from an idea that it wasmore agreeable to the form adopted in the primitive ages, lie was,in spring 1787, ordained in Exeter Cathedral , curate of BroadClyst, by bishop Ross; who, without examining him, gave himthe order of deacon one Sunday and that of priest the next.—He died May 19, 1788, at the house of his friend Sir John Chi-chester, baronet, in May-fair. His disposition was gentle, humane,and lively ; his judgement acute and comprehensive ; andhislite-rary attainments great and various. He was equally eminent as apreacher and a writer. He published also Memoirs of the Familyof the celebrated Mr. John Wesley , and many other fugitivepiece'.

BADEN, a district in Switzerland, which has four cities, Ba-den , Keiser’s-Stoul, Klingnaw, and Zurzaeh; three navigable ri-vers, the Limmel, the Russ, and the Are. The land is fertile incorn and fruit. The capital of the same name lies 10 miles N. W.of Zurich . Long. 8. 25. E. Eat. 47. 27. N.

Baden, a Margraviate of Germany, in tire circle of Suabia .Venison and wild fowl are so plenty, that they are the commondiet of the peasants. The rivers that water (his territory, are theRhine , Ens, Wirmbs, and l’hints, which yield plenty ot fish. Thechief towns are Baden , Durlach, Stolliafen, llastadt, Gersbach,Pforsheim, and Hochberg.

Baden, a weli-fortiliecl town of Germany , in the arch-duchy ofAustria, 15 miles S. VV’. of Vienna . Long. 16. 25. E. Eat. 48.l. N.

BADENOCH, a large district of Inverness-shire, in Scotland .

BADGER, in zoology, the English name of a species of ursus\See L t rsus.

BADIGEON, in joiner’s work, saw-dust mixed with strong glue,wherewith they till up the chaps and other defects in the wood,after it is wrought.

Badigeon, instatuary, a mixture of plaster and free-stone, wellground together, and sifted ; used by statuaries to (ill up the littleholes, and repair the defects in stones, whereof they make theirstatues and other work.

BADIS, a fortress of Livonia, subject to Russia , 20‘miles E.of Revel. Lon. 24. 36. E. Eat. 59- 15. N.

B/KCKEA, in botany, a genus of the oetandria order, and mo-nogyuia class of plants. Calyx, funnel-shaped, live-deft; corolla

five-