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B A T
Bastard Flower-fence. See Auenanthera.
Bastard Hemp. See Datisca.
Bastard Kocket. S-e Reseda.
Bastard Scarlet is a name given to red dyed with bale mad-der, as commit nearest the bow-dye, or new scarlet.
Bastard Star of Bethlehem. See Albuca.
Bastardv, Arms op, should be crossed willi a bar, fillet, ortraverse, from the left to the right. They were not formerly al-lowed to carry the arms of their father, and therefore they inventedarms for themselves; and this is still done by the natural sons of aking.
BASTARNiE, or BASTEltN.E, a people of German original,manners, and language ; who extended themselves a great way tothe east of Vistula, the east boundary of Germany , among the Sar-malai, as far as the mouth of the Ister and the Euxine ; and weredivided into several nations.
BAS I AR N1C/E ALB ES, in ancient geography, mountains ex-tending between Boland, Hungary, and Transylvania , called alsothe Carpets , and now the Carpathian mountains.
BASTERNA, a kind of vehicle, or chariot, used by the an-cient Roman ladies.
BAST I, a town of Bxtica, in Spain ; now Baza in Grenada .
BASTLA, a sea-port-town of Albania in Turkey and Europe ,over against the island of Corfu .
Bastia, a town of Italy, in Modena .
Rastia, the capital of the island of Corsica in the Mediterranean,seated on the N. E. part of the island. Lon. 9. 42. E. Eat. 42. 35. N.
BASTILE,,denotes a small but strong antique castle, fortifiedwith turrets. Such was the Bastile of Baris, which was the onlycastle that had retained the name. It was begun to be built in 1369bv order of Charles V. and was finished in 1383 under the reign ofhis successor. Its chief use was for the custody of state prisoners ;or, more properly speaking, for the clandestine purposes of un-feeling despotism. Before the French people, weary of the un-speakable oppression of their ancient government, threw off theyoke of absolute monarchy, and demolished that haled fortress, thelieutenant-general of the police of Paris was the suitdelegate of theministry for the department of the Bastile. .. lie had under him atitular commissary, who was called the commissary of the Bastile.lie had a fixed salary for drawing up what were called instructions,but had no inspection nor function but in cases where he receivedorders : the reason of which plainly was, that all that was done inthis caslle was despotic to the utmost. Every prisoner, on comingto the Bastile, had an inventory made of every thing about him.II is trunks, clothes, linen, and pockets, were searched, to discoverwhether there were any papers in them relative to the matter forwhich he was apprehended. It was not usual to search persons of ,a certain rank ; but they were asked for their knives, razors, iscissars, watches, canes, jewels, and money. After this examiua- Ilion, the prisoner was conducted to an apartment, where he was ilocked up within three doors. The falsest things were told theprisoners with an air ofsincerity and concern, as “ It is very unfor-tunate that the king has been prejudiced against you. His majestycannot hear your name mentioned without being irritated. Theaffair for which you have lost, your liberty is only a pretext—theyhad designs against you before—you have powerful enemies.”These discourses were the etiquette of the place. It was in vainfor a prisoner to ask leave to write to the king, for he never couldobtain it. What constituted the perpetual and most insupportabletorment of this cruel and odious inquisition, was the vague, inde-terminate, false, or equivocal promises, inexhaustible and con-stantly deceitful hopes, of a speedy release, exhortations topatience, and blind conjectures, of which the lieutenant of thepolice and his officers were very lavish. To cover the odium ofthe barbarities exercised here, and slacken the zeal of relations orpatrons, to obtain justice for incarcerated innocence, the most ab-surd and contradictory slanders against the prisoner were frequentlypublished; whilst the true causes of imprisonmen', and real obsla- jcles to his release, were concealed. These resources, so infinitely !varied, were inexhaustible. When a prisoner who was known anil !protected had entirely lost his health, and his life was thought indanger, he was always sent out; (he ministry not chusing that per-sons well known should die in the Bastile.
BAST1MENTOS, several small islands near Terra Firma, inS. America.
BASTIOGNE, a town of France, 23 miles N.W. of Luxemburg .
VOL. i,— no. 25. M
BASTION, in fortification, is a large mass of earth at theangles of a work, connecting the curtains to each other. It isformed by two face*, two flank*, and two demigorges. The twofaces form the saliant angle, or angle of the bastion ; the two flanksform, with the faces, the epaules or shoulders; and the union of theother two ends of the flanks with the curtains forms the two anglesof the flanks. See Fortification .
B AST1TAN), an ancient people ofBa?tica in Spain .
BAS TON, BATON, or BAYUN E, [a French word signify-ing a stuff Or cudgel, which should be spelt Baton, but is, by mostEnglish writers, corruptly spelt Baston,] in heraldry, is only bornein English coats of arms, as a badge of illegitimacy ; but thelate French heralds introduced it in arms as a difference, or markof consanguinity. The word is also applied to the Earl Marshal’sstaff.
Baston, Batoon, in architecture, a moulding in the base ofa column, called also toms. See Architecture.
Baston, in law, one of the servants to the warden of the Fleet-prison, who attend the king’s courts with a red staff, for taking intocustody such as are committed by the court.
BASTONADO, BASTONADE, the punishment ofbeatingor drubbing a criminal with a stick. The bastonade was used as apunishment among the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Jews , andstill obtains among the Turks.
BAS I ONIEli, or BATONIER, one who keeps the staff ofacommunity, and carries or follows it in processions.
BASTUM, a people of ancient Bzetica.
BA 1, BA 1 CII, BA 1 E, or BA I Z, a small copper-coin, mix-ed with a little silver, current in several cities of Germany andSwitzerland at different prices; at Zurich it is equal to a 28thpart of the French crown. In other parts of Switzerland it is equalto five livres, or 100 sols, French money'.
Bat, in Zoology . See Vespf.rtilio.
batacala, a small kingdom on the coast of Malabar in theEast Indies; which produces a good deal of pepper.
Batacala, Batacai.o, or Battecola, a fortified town andcastle in the island of Ceylon .
BATARDIERE, a place in a garden prepared for the plantingof fruit-trees, which being transplanted from the nursery, are tobe placed in espaliers, or elsewhere, to supply the place of dead trees.
BATASER, a town of Lower Hungary, on the Danube . Lon.19. 50. E. Eat. 40. 30. N.
BATATAS. See Convolvulus.
BAT AVI, the ancient Batavians, a branch of the Catt', who,in a domestic sedition, being expelled their country, occupiedthe extremity of the coast of Gaul, at that time uninhabited, to-gether with the island, called from them Insula Batavorum, situ-ated among shoals.
BATA V’I A, a city of the kingdom of Bantam in the island ofJava, and capital of the Dutch settlements in the East Indies.
Batavia, the ancient name of Holland .
.BATAVIAN REPUBLIC, the title assumed by the UnitedProvinces , under their late constitution.
Batavian's: 1 . The ancient inhabitants of Batavia. 2. Thepeople of Holland .
B.-VTCHF.l.OR. See Bachelor.
Batchelor’s Buttons. See Lychnis.
Batchelor’s Pears . See Solanum.
BA TE, Julius, was a voluminous author, and an intimatefriend of the celebrated Hutchinson ; by whose interest he ob-tained the living of Sutton in Sussex. His publications were,1. An Essay towards explaining the first Chapter ol Genesis, inanswer to Mr. Warburton, 1741, 8vo. 2. 1 he PhilosophicalPrinciples of Moses asserted and defined against the Misrepre-sentations of Mr. David Jennings, 1744, 8vo. 3. Remarks uponMr. Warburton’s Remarks, shewing that the Ancients knew therewas a Future State, and that the Jews were not under an equalProvidence, 1745, 8vo. 4. The Faith of the Ancient Jews inthe Law of Moses, and the Evidence of the Types, vindicatedin a letter to Dr. Stebbing, 1747, 8vo. 5. Micah, v. 2. andMatthew, ii. 0, reconciled, 1749, 8vo. 6. An Hebrew Gram-mar, formed on the Usage of the Words by the Inspired Writers,1750, 8vo. 7. The Use and Intent of Prophecy, and History ofliie Kali cleared, 1750, 8vo. This was occasioned by Middle-ton’s Examinations of Sherlock. 8. The blessings of Judah andJacob considered, and the -Era of Daniel's Weeks ascertained,
5I I in