BAT 594 BAT
in two Dissertations, 1753, 8vo. 9. The Integrity of the Hebrew ,Text and many Passages of Scripture vindicated from the Objec- jtions and Misconstructions of Mr. Kennicot, 1^55, 8vo. 10. A ,lteply to Dr. Sharp’s Review and Defence of his Dissertation !on the Scripture-meaning of Eloim and Beritli, 1755, Svo. 11.
A Reply to Dr. Sharp’s Review and Defence of his Dissertationon the Scripture-meaning of Beritli; with an Appendix in Answerto the Doctor’s Discourse on Cherubim, Part II. 1755, Svo. 12.Remaiks upon Dr. Benson’s Sermon on the Gospel Method ofJustification, 1755, 8vo. 13. C'riticu Ilebrxa, or a Hebrew English Dictionary without Points, &c. 1767, 4to. 14. A newand literal Translation from the original Hebrew of the Pentateuch of Moses , and of the Historical Books of the Old Testament, tothe End of II Kings; with Notes critical and explanatory, 1737,4to. Mr. Bate attended Dr. Hutchinson in his last illness, 1737, andwas by him, in a most striking manner, recommended to the pro-tection of an intimate friend, “ with a strict charge not to sufferhis labours to become useless by neglect.’' This learned writerdied April 7, 1771.
To Bate, in falconry, is applied to a hawk when he flutterswith his wings, striving to get away, either from first or perch.
BATECUMBE, or BATECOMBE, Wii.liam, an eminentmathematician, is supposed to have flourished about 1420, in theleign of Henry V. lie studied at Oxford, where he applied him-self to natural philosophy in general, but chiefly to the mathe-matics. Ilis mathematical writings consist of, 1. Of the Forma-tion and Use of the Concave Sphere. 2. Of the Solid Sphere. 3.Of the Use of the Astrolabe. 4. Philosophical Conclusions.
BATEN1TES, a sect of apostates from Mohammedanism dis-persed through the East, who professed the same abominablepractices with the Ismaelians and Karmatians.
BATENKETOS, a star about the third magnitude, in the con-stellation of Celus.
BATH, a city of Somersetshire in England, 12 miles E. S. E.of Bristol and 107 W. of London . It is surrounded with hills onall sides except a little opening to the E. and W. through whichthe Avon runs. Lon. 2.22. W. Lat. 51. 22. N.
Bath, ancient Names of. All the different names that thiscity has borne, in different ages and languages, have been takenfrom its medicinal waters ; as the Aere or hot waters, of
Ptolemy; the Aqua: Solis, or waters of the sup, of Antoninus ;the Caer Baden, the city of baths, and C’aer Ennant, the city ofointment, of the Britons; and the Ackmanchester, the city ofvaletudinarians, of the Saxons . This beautiful city is much fre-quented on account of its medicinal waters : indeed such is their Ireputation, that Bath, next to the metropolis, is become the prin-cipal resort for the nobility and gentry, and the constant residenceof many wealthy invalids, as well as of numerous votaries of dis-sipation. See Bath Waters, and Bath.
Bath, a flourishing town of Berkeley county , Virginia, 25 milesfrom Martinsburg.
Bath, a large mountainous county of Virginia. GO miles in length,and 50 in breadth.
Bath, a town and county of Hungary .
Bath, in chemistry. See Balneum.
Bath, in Jewish antiquity, a measure; some distinguish fivekinds of Hebrew measures so called, viz. the greater bath, con- Itaining 80 pounds of water, or, according to Josephus , 1440 Ro- Iman ounces ; the second bath, containing 100 ounces; the third,ounces; the fourth, containing 25 ounces ; and the fifth, 6fouiices of water.
Bath, Knights of the, a military order in England, concern-ing the origin of which antiquaries differ in accounts. The mostprobable deduction seems to be the following. The knighthoodof the Bath is supposed to have been practised by the ancientFranks, the inhabitants of Lower Germany , with whom it ishighly probable the Saxons , who invaded England, had thesame common descent, and, with other customs, upon theirsettling here, introduced the same method of knighthood.These ancient Franks, when they conferred knighthood, observed,amongst other solemn rites, bathing before they performed theirvigils; which custom continues to be practised in England:they were from thence denominated Knights of the Bath. In thereign of Henry IV . there was a degree of knighthood specifiedunder the express appellation of the Bath. That king, on theday of his coronation in the tower of London , conferred the de-
gree upon 46 esquires, who had watched all the night before, andhad bathed themselves. From that time it was customary withour kings to confer this dignity preceding their coronations, thecoronations of their queens, the births and marriages of the royalissue, and their first advancement to honours; upon their designedexpeditions against their foreign enemies; upon installations ofknights ol the garter, and when some grand anniversary festivalswere celebrated. The last knights ot the bath so made were atthe coronation of King Charles II. in 1661 ; after which the orderwas neglected until the year 1725, when George I. revived it,and ordered a book of statutes for the government of the order.By this the number of knights is fixed to 38, viz. the Sovereign,and 37 knights-coinpanions. The apparel of a knight of the Bathis a red fur coat, lined and edged with white, girded about w ith awhite girdle, without any ornament thereon ; the mantle is of thesame colour and lining, made fast about the neck with a lace ofwhite silk, having a pair of gloves tied therein, with tassels of silkand globe at the end ; which mantles are adorned upon the leftshoulders w ith the ensign of the order, being three imperial crowns,or, surrounded with the ancient motto of this knighthood. Triajuneta in uno, wrought upon a circle gules, with a glory or raysissuing from the centre, and under it the lace of white silk here-tofore worn by the knights of the Bath. They have red breechesand stockings, and have white hats, with a plume of white feathersin them. The king allowed the chapel of King Ilenry VH. to bethe chapel of the order; and ordered that each knight’s banner,with plates of his arms and styles, should be placed over theirseveral stalls.
Bath, Bathing-Place, in the general acceptation of the term,signifies a convenient receptacle of water adapted to the variouspurposes of washing or cleansing, and bracing the body, either byplunging,>or continuing in it for a certain lime. Baths may bedivided into cold, warm, and hot; and these again into naturaland artificial.
Baths, Cold, are those of a temperature varying from the 33dto the 56th degree of Fahrenheit’s thermometer. 'Pile general pro-perties of the cold bath consist in its power of contracting the ani-mal fibres, while it dissipates the caloric (or matter of heat) thatexists betw een their interstices, and thus ellects a greater approxi-mation of the particles, which were before dilated and relaxed byheat. 'That such is the natural influence of cold cannot bedoubted ; and hence this species of bath, by its powerful action onthe whole system, is one of the most important medicinal reme-dies presented by the hand, and, as it were, supplied by the verybosom of nature. The superior advantages of cold bathing overall internal corroborants consists chiefly in its immediate salutaryaction on the solids, without the intervention of the organs of di-gestion and nutrition; without having to perform a passage throughnumerous channels, before it can exert its efficacy, tor this ob-vious reason, it is peculiarly adapted to those constitutions,which, though robust, and apparently healthy, are liable to ner-vous, hysteric, hypochondriacal, and paralytic affections, as well asfrequent attacks of flatulency, and consequent indigestion.However, cold bathing must not be attempted : 1. In a full habitof body, or w hat is called general plethora, oil account of the fre-quent febrile disposition attending such individuals; 2. In he-morrhages or fluxes of blood, open wounds or ulcers, and everykind ot inflammation, whether external or internal; 3. In ob-structions of the intestines, or habitual costiveness ; 4. In affec-tions of the breast and lungs, such as difficult respiration, short anddry coughs, &c. 5. When the whole mass of the fluids appears tobe vitiated, or tainted with a peculiar acrimony, whicji cannot beeasily defined, but is obvious from a sallow colour of the face,slow healing of the flesh when cut or bruised, and from a scorbutictendency of the whole body; 6. In gouty and rheumatic pa-roxysms; though Sir John Floyer asserts, that “ Podagrics some-times have kept their fits off with it;” 7. In cutaneous eruptions,which tend to promote a critical discharge of humours by thepores. 8. During pregnancy; and 9. in a distorted or deformedstate of the body, except in particular cases to be ascertained byprofessional men. Sir John farther recommends, but too indis-criminately, the dipping of ricketty children one year old, everymorning in cold water; and he is of opinion that, in adults, itprevents the infection of fevers, by making the body less sensibleof the changes of air; that, in old women, it stops violent hemor-rhages front the uterus; that it has contributed to cure canine mad-ness,