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with more violence and destruction ; because wliat one bulletshakes the other beats down.

Battery a Ricochet is adapted to (he method of ricochetfiring, first invented and practised by Vauban , at the siege of Aethin 1692, the guns are loaded with small charges, and are elevated iso as to fire over the parapet, and the shot is hereby made to rollalong the opposite rampart. This method of firing with guns hassince been applied to mortars and howitzers with great success.

Battery, Coffer, is that where the sides of the wall and mer-lons only are formed of fascines, and all the cavities or includedspaces filled with earth.

Battery, Covered, or Masked, is when the guns and menare covered by a bank made of brush-wood, faggots, and earth, ofabout 18 or 20 feet thick, and seven or eight feet high. The gunsused in such batteries are generally from nine to IS pounders;sometimes 24 pounders are used in them.

Battery d’Enfii.ade, is oue that scours or sweeps the |whole length of a straight line.

Battery de Reverse, or Murdering Battery, that whichplays upon the enemy’s hack.

Battery en Ecu arte, is that which plavs obliquely.

Battery en Rouage, is that used to dismount the enemy’scannon. ]

BATTEURS, d’Estrade, scouts, or horsemen sent out before, |and on the wings of an army, two or three miles, to make disco- |veries ; of which thev are to give an account to the general.

BATTIFOLIUM", or BATTIFOLLUM, a kind of lower ordefence, frequently mentioned by Latin historians of the middle iage. . I

BATTLE, BATTAIL, or BAT! EL, a general engagementbetween two armies, in a country sufficiently open lor them, or atleast the greater part, to encounter in front at the same time. See 'War, The word is restricted to armies. An encounter betweentwo lieets is called an engagement, or sea-fight. Other great ac-tions, though generally of a longer duration, and even frequentlyattended with great slaughter, are only fights, called by the French combats. A battle lost almost always draws with it the loss ofthe artillery of the army, and frequently also that of the baggage;consequently, as the army beaten cannot again look the enemy inthe face till it has repaired those losses, it is forced to leave theenemy a long time master of the country, and at liberty to exe-cute all his schemes. Whereas a great fight lost is rarely attendedwith a loss of all the artillery, and scarce ever of the baggage, be-cause the two armies not meeting in front; they can only have suf-fered in the part that has been engaged. An ingenious modernauthor remarks that it is not, usually, the real loss sustained in abattle, that proves so fatal to a state ; but it is the imaginary loss,and discouragement, which deprives it of the use of those verypowers which fortune had left it. See Tactics.

Battle, Field of, the ground on which two armies engage.

Battle , Line of, the order in which the army is drawn up ata review, or for engagement.

Battle, Order of, the disposition of the squadrons and bat-talions of an army in one or more lines, according to the conditionsof the ground, either in order to engage the enemy, or to be re-viewed by the general.

Battle , Pitched, or Set, that wherein both armies haveroom and time to arrange themselves in good order.

Battle-axe, an ancient weapon, probably the same with a bill.Battle-axes were a principal part of the offensive armour of theCeltac.

BATTOLOGIST, one who makes frequent repetitions.

BATTOLOGY, [from frirh;, babbler, and >ayc;, speech,] ingrammar, a multiplying of words without occasion, or a superfluousrepetition of the same expressions.

BATTON, in merchandize, a name given to certain pieces ofwood or deal for flooring or other purposes.

BATTORY, a name given by the IJanse Towns to their Ma-gazines or factories abroad.

BATTL'S, in the heathen mythology, a herdsman, whom mer-cury turned into a touchstone, tor discovering, for a bribe, whatlie had promised to conceal.

BATTUTA, in the Italian music, the motion of the hand orfoot in keeping or beating time.

BATUA, BUTUA, BUTIIOE, or BUTIIOECE, a totvn ofDalmatia , u w Budoa.

BA'l'US, [na, Ileb.] a Hebrew liquid measure, containing72 sextaries.

BATUS, in old records, a boat.

B. AV. an abbreviation used in ancient inscriptions for bonisavibus, or bonis auspiciis, i. e. with good omens, or good fortune.

BAVARIA, a late circle and electorate of Germany , boundedon the W. by Swabia, on theN. W. by Franconia , on the N. E. byBohemia, and on the E. and S. by .Austria , It contains BavariaProper, the Upper Palatinate , the bishoprics of Ereissingen, andPassau; the duchy of Neuburg , and the archbishopric of Saltzhurg.d he duke, or king as he is now styled, of Bavaria , is only masterof a part of it; Ratisbon and many other free cities and lordshipsbeing situated within its bounds ; but from the recent victories ofNapoleon , and his ally, it is probable he will soon become thegreatest potentate in Germany . It is divided into Upper andLower Bavaria ; and these two provinces consist of 12 counties.

BAY ATA, Terr.®, f, c. a B.ivocb of land, an ancient divisionof land, in the highlands of Scotland , containing 13 acres ofland,

BAUDF.KIN, BALDICUM, and BALDAKINUM, in ourold writers, a cloth of gold, or tissue, upon which figures in silk,Ac. were embroidered.

BAUDOBRIGA, a town of the Triviri in Germany ; nowBoppart.

BAUERA, in botany, a genus of the polyandria mondgyniaclass and order. Calyx eight-leaved ; petals eight ; capsule two-celled, two-valved, many-seeded. One species, a native of NewHolland.

BAVERWIT, a town of Germany in Silesia. Lon. 35, 40.E. Lat. 50. 7. N.

BAUGE, a drugget manufactured in Burgundy, with threadspun thick, and coarse wool.

Bauge, a small town of France , in the department of Maineand Loire, and another in the department of Ain.

BAU11IN, John, a great botanist, was horn about the middleof the 16th century. lie took his doctor’s degree in physic in1562, and afterwards became principal physician to Frederic dukeof Wirtemberg . The most considerable of his works is his Uni-versal History of Plants, so named by Plumiere in honor of theabove.

Bauhin, Caspar, younger brother to John, an eminent anato-mist and botanist, born at Basil in 1550. In 1580, he was chosenfirst professor of these sciences at Basil ; and in 1614, was madefirst professor of physic and first physician of that city, which heheld till his death, m 1623, at the age of 63. He wrote. 1. Ana-tomical Institutions; 2. Prodromus Theatri Botanic!; and otherworks.

BAUIIIN1A, Mountain Ebony ; a genus of the monogyniaorder, and decandria class of plants; natural order, Lomentacea:.Calyx quinquetid, deciduous; petals oblong, expanded, clawed,the superior one more distant, all inserted on the calyx; capsulea legume. There are 13 species, which are propagated by seeds;and must be sown in hot-beds, and reared in a bark-stove.

BAUM, in botany. See Melissa. /

BAUM AC, an ancient name lor nitre.

BAUfiK, or BALiTKO, a small but important town in theduchy of Courlaml, on the frontiers of Poland , 17 miles W. ofMiltau. Lon. 24. 44. E, Lat. 56. 30. N.

BAUTRY, or BAWTRY, a town in the W. Riding of York-shire, and partly in Nottinghamshire , eight miles S. by E. fromDoncaster . Lon. I. 0. W. Lat. 53. 27. N.

BAUTZEN, or BUDISSEN, a town of Germany , and capitalof Upper Lusatia . Lon. 14. 42. E. Lat. 5K 10. N.

BAUX, a town of France, 10 miles, by N. of Arles .

BAWD, a person who keeps a place ot prostitution, or makes atrade of debauching women. The old l* rench, hmide, signifiesbold or impudent; but Verstegan carries it higher, viz. fromI bathe, anciently written bade. In this sense bawd originally im-porter! no more titan bath-holder, as if bagnios bad anciently beenthe chief scenes of such prostitution. By a law of Constantine,bawds were to be punished by pouring melted lead down their

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throats.

BA WDY-IIOUSE, a house of ill-fame, to which lewd personsof both sexes resort, for criminal conversation. The keeping of abawdv-honse is a common nuisance, not only because it endangersihe public peace, by drawing together the idle and debauched,

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