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of these carneddc. Hence it may be inferred, that the Britonsbad the custom of throwing stones on the deceased. From thiscustom is derived the Welch proverb “ Earn ardy ben,” ill betidethee.

CARNHLA, in antiquity, a festival in honour of Apollo, sur-named Cameos, held in most cities of Greece , hut especially atSparta, where it was first instituted.

C'-ARNEL, the building of ships first with their timber andbeams, and after bringing on their planks, is called camel work,to distinguish it from clinch work. Vessels also, which go witlitnizzen-'ails instead of main-sails, are by some called camels.

C ARNELIAN, orCARN ELION. See Chai.ckoon v.CARNICULA, a caruncle, particularly that llesby subtancewhich invests the teeth.

(JAKNIFEX, among the Romans, tire com’mon executioner. Bvreason of the odious,ness of his office, he was expressly prohibitedfrom having his dwelling-house within the city. In middle ageW riters, carnifcx denotes a butcher.

CARX iOLA, a duchy of Germany , so named from its ancientinhabitants, the Garni : bounded on the S. by the Adriatic sea ,and that part of lstria possessed by the republic of Venice ; on theN. by Carinlhia and Sliria; on the E. by Sclavoniaand Croatia;on the \V. by Friuli , the county of Garitz, and a part of the gulphof Venice ; extending in length about 110 miles, and in breadthabout fifty.

CARNIVAL; [canunnl, Fr.] the feast held in the popishcountries before Rent; a time of luxury. The Carnival, or Car-naval, is observed with great solemnity by the Italians , particularlyat Venice, holding from the 12th day till Lent. Mr. Du Cange derives the word from Carn-a-val, by reason the tlefii then goes toPot, to make amends tor the season of abslience next ensuing.

CAKN 1VOROCS, an epithet applied to those animals, whichnaturally seek and feed on flesh. It lias been a dispute amongnaturalists, whether man is naturally carnivorous. Those whoGke the negative side insist chiefly on the structure of our teeth,Which are mostly incisures or molares; not such as carnivorous•nirnals are furnished with, aud which are proper to tear flesh inpieces; to which it may be added, that, even when we do feed°n flesh, it is not without a preparatory alteraf ' > by boiling,toasting,.Ac. and even then that it is the hardest of cigestion of allmods. To these arguments Dr. AVallis subjoins another, whichls that all quadrupeds which feed on herbs or plants have a longcolon, with a ccecum at the upper end of it, or somewhat equiva-w‘nt, which conveys the food by a long and large progress, fromme stomach downwards, in order to its'slowor passage and longer?ay in the intestines ; but that in carnivorous animals, such ccecumls wanting, and instead thereof there is a more short and slenderP'U and a quicker passage through the inte.qines. Now, in man,pie etreum is very visible ;a stronger presumption that he was notintended for a carnivorous animal. It is true, tire erveum is small) n adults, and seems of little use; but in a foetus it is much larger,n proportion ; And it is probable, our customary change of diet,'b we grow up, may occasion this shrinking. But to these argu-k'ents, p) r _ Tyson replies, that if man had been designed not toe carnivorous, there would doubtless have been found, some-,j 1(, re on the globe, people who do not feed on llesh ; which is not^'e ease. Neither are carnivorous animals always without a colon- n< cri 'cum; nor are all animals carnivorous which have thoseopossum, for instance, hath both a colon and ccecuui,w)' q Pl: * ee<k on poultry and other flesh; whereas the hedge-hog,bch has neither colon nor coccum, and so ought to be carnivo-I <! b feeds only on vegetables. Add to this, that hogs, whichh°th, will feed upon ilesh when they can get it; aud rats amiP Ct ’ > which have large ctrcums, will feed oil bacon as well asleetl aiK ' ckeesc - Lastly, the human race are furnished withq 1 neces-ary for the preparation of all kinds of foods; whence•fiii' 0 "'^ S( ' fn ', that we are intended to live oil all. And us theof }'-tary duct in the human body is fitted for digesting all kindsfen?i Ou o^f we wot rather to conclude, that nature did not in-Wcr f . tk ' n y us any? It is no less disputed whether mankind(]or ,: t caiv '' voro '- , s before the flood. St, Jerom, Chrysostom , Theo-f 0r l . ; aiu l other ancients, maintain, that all animal food was thenmoil . Pn ’ "Inch opinion is also strenuously supported among theRoct!v, ns Curcclla'us, and refuted by Heidegger, Danzius,G'\p rt '‘^ r '

KNOSITY, a little tubercle, or formed in the urethra, the

neck efthe bladder, or yard, which stops the parage of the urine.

CAROCllA, a name which the Spaniards and Portuguese giveto a mitre made of pasteboard, on which are. painted names andfigures of Uamious, worn by those who are condemned to deathby-the in fen a! tribunal of the Inquisition . See Act ov Faith.

C'AROENON, wir.e boiled down, till a third be

evaporated.

CAROLINA, North, or.e of the United States of America .It is 450 miles long from E. to. W. and 180 broad from N. toS. being bounded on the N. bv Virginia , on the E. and S. E. bythe Atlantic, on the S. by South Carolina , and on the W. byTennassce. It is divided into eight districts, viz. Edentou, New -been, and Wilmington , winch, extend along the coast ; and lial.-fux, Hillsborough, Salisbury, Morgan, and Fayetteville , thegreater part of which extend across the state from N. to S.These districts are subdivided into 54 counties. The chiefrivers are the Chowan, Roanoke, l’amlico, Yadkin , Catabaw,Dan, Perquimains, Pasquotank . &c. The chief sounds ai ••Albemarle, Pamlico, and Core. The navigation of all the riversis much obstructed by sand bars at.their mouths, owing to thecountry being extremely level. The ground is so fertile, that auindustrious person, with one horse, will raise 700 bushels ammallvof Indian corn. . Ground pease run along the surface of theearth, and are covered.by hand with a light mould. 'File podsrun under ground. .Tiny taste like nuts, and are eaten raw'orroasted. Cotton is also raised i:igreat plenty. The labour of cueman produces 20001b. in the seeds, or 500 lb. fit for manufacturing,besides as much provision as he can consume.

Cakolixa, South, one of the United States of America ,situated bet wen 7S° and 84". Lon. W. and between 32° and35° Lat. N. and comprehending an extent of 20,000 square miles ;being 200 miles long and 125 broad. Mr. Scott makes its length270 miles. It lies somewhat in llv form of a triangle, whose baseextends along the Savannah 250 miles, The sea coast from Littleriver to the mouth of the Savannah is 175 miles, and the side ad-joining North Carolina from Little River to the \V. extremity is270 miles. It is bounded on the N. and N. E. by N. Carolina ;on the N. W. and VY. by the new state of Tcmiasse ; on the S.and S. W. by the river Savannah , and on the S. E. and E. bythe Atlantic ocean. 'Flu: Tugnlo separates it from Georgia .Mr. Morse says it is divided into seven districts, viz. Beaufort,Charleston , Orangeburgli, Camden, Georgetown, Ninety-Six,and Cheraws ; but Mr. Scott mentions nine districts, adding totlie above seven, Thickney and Washington. Both agree that(lie state is subdivided into 36 counties, instead of two as othergeographers have it. Those, by act of a-sembly, are ordered tobe laid out as near 40 miles square each as possible. The chiefrivers are the Santee, Edisto, Wateree, Wakkamaw, Ashley,Ashcpoo, Ac. The country is level for £0 miles N. \V. fromthe coast, but afterwards rises graduallv for 60 miles in sand-hillocks. Beyond this the country is agreeably diversified withhills, dale?, and woods, till at the distance of 220 miles, it is 800feet above the sea level. The soil is various and the productionsmuch the same as those of North Carolina .

CAROLINE, a fertile county of the United States in Mary-land , on the Eastern shore. Denton is the chief town.

Caroj.ixk, a populous and well-cultivated county in Virginia .

CAROL!NEA, in botany, a genus of the monadelphia poly-andria class and order. Natural order, Colunmiferax Monogy-nous; calyx simple, tubular, truncate; petals c-nsitorm ; pomefive-grooved, two-colled. '(’here are two species, of whichC. priuceps is a large thornless tree. Leaves alternate ; stipulestwo, short, caducouspetals yellow : native of Guiana .

CAROLOSTADIANS, or CABI.OSTADIANS, an ancientsect of Lutherans , who deified tiie real presence ot Christ in theEucharist ; thus denominated from their leader Carolostadius.r Fhey are the same with the Sacramentarians, and agree in mostthings with the Zuinglians.

CAROLOSTADIUS, Akurfav, archdeacon of WiUemberg,was converted by Luther, and was the first of all the reformedclergy who took a wife ; but disagreeing afterwards with Luther,ehietiv in the point of the sacrament, toupde'd a sect apart.

CAROLUS, an ancient English broad piece of gold, struckunder Charles I. Its value has ot late been at twenty-threeshillings sterling, though at the time it. was coined, it is said tohave Seen rated at only twenty-shillings.

Carolus,