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Caroi.u3, a small copper coin, with a little silver mixed withit, struck under Charles VIII. of France . • •

CAROTIDS,- in anatomy, two arteries of the neck,Avhichc onvey the blood from the aCrta to the brain, one called theright carotid, and the other the left. See Anatomy. .

CAROXYLON, in botany-, a genus of the- pentandria mono-pv nia class and order. Corolla live-pctalled; nu^tarv five-leaved,converging, inserted into the corolla; seed clothed. There isbut one species, viz. C. salsol-a,- with a perennial root.

CARP, in ichthyology. See Cyrrinus, and Fishing.

CARP.l'lA, [rs-.ontti «,] a kind 6f d;ince anciently in use amongthe Athenians and Magnesians, performed by two persons, the onea labourer, the other acting usa'robber. The labourer, layingby his arms, goes to ploughing and sowing: the robber appears,and the other betakes himself to his arms, and fights in defence ofhis oxen. The whole was performed to the sound of flutes.Sometimes the one was victor and sometimes the other, and thereward was the oxen and plough. The great object of this nationalexercise was to teach and accustom the peasants to . defend them-selves against the attacks of ruffians.

CARPENTER of a Shi n, an officer appointed to examineand keep in order the-frame of a ship, together with her masts,yards, boats, and all other wooden machinery. It is his duty inparticular to keep the ship tight; to review the decks and sides,and to caulk them when it is necessary. In the time of battle,he is to examine, with'all possible attention, tiie lower apartmentsof the ship, to stop any’ holes that may have been made by shot,with wooden plugs provided of several sizes.

CARPENTRAS, a town of France , in the late province ofProvence, 14 miles N. E, of Avignon .

CARPENTRY', the art of cutting, framing, and joining largepieces of wood, for the uses of building. It is one of the artssubservient to architecture, and is divided into house-carpentryand ship-carpentry: the first is employed in raising, roofing,flooring of houses, Sic. and the second iii the building of ships,barges, &c. See Ship-Building . The rules in carpentry aremuch the same with those of joinery; the oniy difference is,that carpentry ii used in the larger and coarser work, and joinery-in the small and curious.

CARPENTUM, in antiquity, a name common to diverssorts of vehicles, answering to coaches, waggons, carts, &e.among us.

CAHPERBY, a town near Ask rig, Yorkshire .

CAPPEnIUM, in botany, a genus of the order polvgnmiasuperliua, and syr.genesia class; natural order, Compositan Calyximbricate; the outer scales reflex ; down none ; receptacle naked.There are two species, viz. C. cermmm, drooping carpesium, an aive of the south of E.urope and Japan ; and C. abrotanoides isa native of China and Japan .

CARPET, a sort of stuff wrought with the needle or on aloom, which is part of the furniture of a house, and commonlyspread over tables, or laid upon the tloor. They are made ofvarious matt-rials, and various forms. The Turkey, Persia , andPrussels carpets, are chiefly made of silk ; the two former, owingto.the vivid colours with which the materials are dyed, and thefineness of the texture, are peculiarly rich and beautiful. Wehave various extensive manufactories, of which those at Wiltonand Kidderminster may be accounted the principal. Carpets arethere made in large pieces, suited to the full extent of apart-ments ; while the Scotch carpetting, being made in breadths ofnot more than four feet, affords the convenience of making up toany size ; but it is not so lasting. The great carpets are madeon frames and rollers not unlike those for tapestry,and under similarguidance where the pattern is intricate. Carpet-making supportsmany thousands of the industrious poor ol this country ; andbeing almost wholly found on the produce of our own island isof great importance as a national benefit.

CAR Pll.M.EA, in botany, a genus of the tetrandia mono-gyuia class and order: corolla onc-pc-talled, funnel-form, hairyv ituin ; calyx four-detj, with spatulate scarious segments ; capsuleIr'ccelled, two-valved, many seeded. One species, C. covym-loi.;, (bund in Madagascar .

CARPI, a town of Italy , in the Veronese, 27 miles S. ofVerona.

CAR El Xl T S, the ITorn-Beam, in botany; a genus of thepolvan Iria order, and momecia class ; natuial order, Ament aceiv.

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Calyx one-leafed, with a dilate scale ; corolla none; male stamentwenty ; female germs two ; nut ovate. There are four species.

Cl. Betui.us, or Common Hornbeam : a deciduous tree,native of E.urope and America . Jts leaves are of a darkish green,and about the size of those of the beech, but more pointed and'deeply serrated.

CARPOCRATLVNS, a branch of the ancient Gnostic -, socalled irom Carpocrates.

CAKPOS, [KajTrs,-, fruit.] The old Greek writers did notkeep strictly to the sense of the word, but olten expressed by itthe esculent part of a plant, in general.

CARPUS, [Eat.] the wrist, so named by anatomists ; itis made up of eight little bones, of different figures and thick-ness, placed in two ranks, four in each rank. See Anatomy.

CARR, a kind of rolling throne, used in triumphs, and at thesplendid entries of princes. See Car and Chariot . The wordis originally Gaulish, or Celtic , and is called by Caesar, in bisCommentaries, “ Carrus.”

CARRAC, orCARRACA, a name given by the Portuguese to the vessels they send to Brasil and the East-Indies ; being large,round-built, and fitted for fight as well as burden.

CARRAGO, in antiquity, a kind of defence about a camp,,composed of carts, waggons, Ac . fastened together.

CARRA'P. See Caract.

CAURAVIERA, a town of Turkey in Egypt .

CARRE, Lewis, an eminent French mathematician, born inBrie, A. D. lf>t>3. He was engaged as an amanuensis by thecelebrated Malebrancbe, under whom, he, for seven years, studiedmathematics and metaphysics, branches of sciences which heafterwards taught.

CARRIAGE, a vehicle serving to convey persons, poods,merchandizes, and other things from one place to another. There,are public and private carriages, as also water and land-carriages.

' Water-carriages, in general, are those vessels which serve to carrypersons or merchandize by sea, rivers, lakes, Ac . as ships, barks,wherries, boats, Ac . Land-carriages are machines invented tocarry more conveniently, and in greater number, persons or1 goods. 1 hose mostly used in Europe , are coaches, chariots,calashes, berlins, waggons with four wheels, chaises, carts, anddrays with two wheels, all drawn by horses, nudes, buffaloes,oxen, Ac. and in Lapland and Siberia by rain-deer. See thearticles Coach, Chariot, Ac . All these animals are also properlo carry burdens on their backs, in which manner the camels anddromedaries are employed in the caravans of Asia and thecaflllas of Africa . See Caravan and Cafula. In some partsof America , the vigoonas, lamas, and alp'agnas are used as car-riage-beasts. Lastly, the sedan-chair, carried by two men, andthe palaquin, carried on the shoulders of two, four, or six men,are also carriages, but serve for persons only. The former isused in many cities of Europe , and the latter in the East-Indies.For the construction and mechanical principles of w heel-carriages.See Mechanics and W heei.-Carriage.

Carriage of a Cannon, the frame or timber-work on whichit is mounted, serving to point it for shooting, or lo carry it fromone place lo another. It is made of two planks of wood, com-monly one half the length of the gun, called the cheeks, andjoined by three wooden transoms, strengthened with three boltsof iron. It is mounted on two wheels; but on a march lias twofore-wheels, with limbers added. The principal parts of a car-riage arc the checks, transmits, bolts, plates, train, bands, bridge,bed, hooks, trunion-holes, and capsquure.

CARRACK, tin; southern division of Ayrshire. It borderson Galloway ; stretches 32 miles in length ; and is a hilly coun-try lit for pasturage.

GARRICK ON SHANNON, a town of Ireland, in Leitrim ,7S miles \Y T . N. W r . from Dublin .

Carrick on Sum, a town of Ireland , in Tipperary.

CARRICK-EEKGUS, a town of Ireland , in the countv of.Antrim and province of Ulster . Lon. 0. 2. W. Lai. 54. 48. N.

CARRIER. Every person carrying goods for hire is deemeda carrier, and as such is liable in law. for any loss or damage thatmay happen to them whilst in his custody. Waggoners, cap-tains of ships, lightermen, Ac . are therefore carriers; hut a stage-coachman is not within the custom as a carrier: neither arehackney-coachmen carriers within the custom of the realm,as to be chargeable for the loss of goods, unless they are ex-pressly