CAR

613

CAR

press)v paid for that purpose, for their undertaking is only tocarry the person. If a person takes hire for carrying goods,although he be not a common carrier, he may nevertheless hecharged upon a special asaumsil ; for where hire is taken a pro-mise is implied ; and where goods are delivered to a carrier, andhe is robbed of them, he shall be charged and answer for themon account of the hire, and the carrier can be no loser, as bemay recover against the hundred. Goods sent by a carriercannot be distrained for rent; and any person carrying goodsfor all persons indifierentlv, is to be deemed a common carrieras far as relates to this privilege. A delivery to a servant is adelivery to the master ; and it goods are delivered to a carrier’sporter and lost, an action w ill lie against the carrier. 1 Salk. 282.YV here a carrier gives uotice by printed proposals that he will notbe responsible for certain valuable goods if lost, if more than thevalue of a sum specified, unless entered and paid for as such ; andvaluable goods of that description are delivered to him, by aperson who knows the conditions, but concealing the value, paysno more than the ordinary price of carriage and booking; thecarrier is, under such circumstances, neither responsible to thesum specified, nor liable to repay the sum paid for carriage andbooking. M. 30. Geo. 111. 1. 11. B. 298. A carrier who under-takes for hire to. carry goods, is bound to deliver them at all events,Unless damaged and destroyed by the act of God, or the king’senemies; and if any accident, however inevitable, happen throughthe intervention ot human means, a carrier becomes responsible.

1 T. it. 27.

CARHOBALISTA, in the ancient military art, denotes aspecies oi balista, mounted on wheels, and drawn by horses.

CARROCERUM, or CARROCILM, in writers of themiddle age, denotes the banner, or chief Hag of an army, whichWas mounted on a kind of chariot and drawn by oxen.

CARliONADE, a short kind of ordnance, capable of carry-ing a large ball, and useful in close engagements at sea; so namedfrom the Carron. See Gunnery.

CARRO T, in botany. See Daucus .

Carrot, Candy. See Athamanta.

Carrot, Deadly. See Thafsia.

CARROUSAL, a course of horses and chariots, or a magni-ficent entertainment exhibited by princes on some public re-joicing.

CARRUCA, [from atrru.i, Lat.] in antiquity, a splendidkind of carr, or chariot, mounted on four wheels; ricjdy decorated'vith gold, silver, ivory, &c. in which the emperors, senators, &c.Were carried.

CARRUCAGE, CARUCAGE, or CARUAGE, in hus-bandry, denotes the plowing of ground, either ordinary, as forgrain, hemp; and flax ; or extraordinary, as for woad, dyer’s weed,ra pe, and the like.

CARRUCATE, \carrucata,~] in our ancient laws, a ploughtand, or as much arable ground as can be tilled in a year with0I1 e plough.

carrying, among falconers, signifies a hawk’s flying away^’dfi the quarry ; a bad quality, which she acquires either by amslike of the falconer, or not being sufficiently broke to the

carrying, in the manege, a horse is said to carry low,hat has naturally a soft ill-shaped neck, and lowers his head00 much. And a horse carries well, when his neck is raised ora tehed, and when he holds his head high without constraint, firman d well-placed.

CART . See Car. [crat, crat, Sax.] a land carriage, with two'heels, drawn either by horses or oxen, for conveying heavy goods,generally at short distances. In rural economy, the proper construc-ai 'd adaptation of carts to different soils and situations, ares AJects of the first consequence to farmers. 'The advantages ofbe, '* OV3e carts are universally admitted, wherever they have

<■« attentively compared with carriages of any other description.

y his own observation, Lord Seymour is led" to conclude, thatu 0r ? e acting singly will do half as much more work as in con-fer^ 1011 another, so that two horsesyill, separately, per-He' n bie \vork oi three conjunctively. This difference, he be-he V (T.’ ar ‘ se ' i partly from the single horse being so near the loadIVu ' a -. and partly from the point or line of draught being soUsiv.u belo ' v his breast; as the wheels of single-horse carts are

aall y made very low.

V °L L-—No. 39.

Carts, law's relating to. Carts for the carriage ot anything, to and from any place where the streets are paved withinthe bills of mortality, shall contain six inches in the fellv: thename of the owner must he on some conspicuous part, and hisname entered with the commissioners of the hackney-coaches,under the penalty of 40s. and any person may seize and detainsuch cart till the penalty is paid. On changing property, thenames are to be altered, and new entries made. Every "driverof a cart riding upon it, without having a person on foot to guideit, shall forfeit 20s. if he be the owner, and 10s. if he be the servantonly.

Cart of War, a peculiar kind of artillery anciently in useamong the Scots. 'They are thus described in an act of parliament,A. 1). 145b: “ It is thocht speidfnll, that the King mak requestto certain of the great burrows of the land that are of onv myght,to mak carts ot weir, and in ilk cart twa gunnis, and ilk ae.e tohave twa chalmers, with the remanent of the graith that effeirsthereto, and ancunnand man to shut thame.”

CARTAMA, a town of Spain, in Grenada . Lon. 4. 2S. W.Lat. 3b. 40. N.

CARTE, 'Thomas, the historian, was the son of Mr. SamuelCarte , prebendary of Litchfield, and born in 1686. When hewas reader in the ahbey-cluirch at Bath, he took occasion, in asermon on the 30th January, 1714, to vindicate Charles 1 . withrespect to the Irish massacre; which drew him into a controversywith Mr. Chandler the dissenting minister; and on the ac'cessioiiof the house of Hanover, he refused to take the oaths, and put ona lay habit, lie is said to have acted as secretary to Bishop Al-terbury before his troubles; and in 1722, being accused of hightreason, a reward of 1000/. was offered for apprehending him :but Queen Caroline, the patroness of learned men, obtained leavefor him to return home in security. He published, 1. An edi-tion of Thuanus , in 7 volumes folio. 2. 'The Life of the firstDuke of Ormond , 3 vols. folio. 3. 'The History of England,4 vols. folio. 4. A Collection of Original Letters and i'apers' concerning the Affairs of England, 2 vols. 8vo. ; and some otherworks, lie died in April 1734. His History of England ends in1654. His design was to have brought it down to the Revolu-tion ; for which purpose he had taken great pains in copying everything valuable that could he met with in England, ’ Scotland ,France, Ireland , &c. He had-a series of memoirs from the be-ginning to the end of Charles II. ’s reign. At Ids death, alibispapers tell into the hands ot his widow, and are now deposited inthe Bodleian library , having been delivered by Mr. Jernegan, hersecond husband, to the university, 1778, for a valuable considera-tion. Whilst they were in this gentleman’s possession, the Earlof Hardwicke paid 200/. for the perusal of them. For a consider-ation of 300/. Mr. .Macpherson had the use of them ; and fromthese and other materials compiled his history and state papers.Mr. Carte was a man of strong constitution and indefatigable ap-plication. When the studies of the clay were over, he eat Iiearlily ;and was cheerful and entertaining.

Carte Blanche, [Fr.] a blank paper; a paper to be filledup with such conditions as the person to whom it is sent thinksproper.

C ARTEL, 1. An agreement for the exchange of prisoners ofwar. 2. A letter of defiance or a challenge to decide a contro-versy, cither in a tournament or in a single combat. See Duel.

Cartel Ship, a ship commissioned in time of war to exchangethe prisoners of two hostile powers; also to carry any proposalfrom the one to the other. r l he officer who commands l.cr mustcarry i.o cargo, ammunition, or implements of war, except a sin-gle gun for signals.

CARTERET, a maritime county of North Carolina , in thedistrict of Newbern.

CARTES, Rene Des, one of the most eminent philosophersand mathematicians in the 17th century, lie was descended ofan ancient family in Touraine in Fiance , and was born 31st March1596. Ilis father designed him for the army ; but bis lenderconstitution then not permitting.him to expose himself to suchtatigues, he was sent to Paris , where he Lunched into gaming, inwhich he had prodigious success. Here iViarserme per vaded himto return to study ; which he pursued till he-went to Holland, inMay 1616, where he engaged as a volunteer among the Princeof Orange's troops. While he lav in garrison at Breda, he wrotea “ Treatise on Music,” and laid the foundation of several of ir.s7 R works