CHRONOLOGY.
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A.M.
4731
4734
4735
4745
4746
4747474S
4751
4754
4756
4757
4759
4760
47614766
4767
4772
4776
47 7 8
A. D.
removed out of the churches, and forbids all man-ner of wors hip to be paid to them. This law creat-ed very considerable civil commotions, the peo-ple not liking to part w ith their images.
727 The Roman bishop and the people of Rome revoltfrom the exarch of Ravenna, and shake off theirallegiance to the Greek emperor. From this yearmay be dated the beginning of the pope’s tem-poral power; though his power was not properly.matured till the donation of l’epin in 755.
730 Charles Martel, king of France, totally defeats the
Saracens that had invaded his dominions.
731 Pope Gregory begs the friendship and protection of
Charles, tire French king.
Gregory 111. succeeds Gregory II. in the popedom.
741 A dreadful earthquake at Constantinople.
Leo dies, and is succeeded in the Greek empire byConstantine Coproin mus.
742 Zacharias succeeds Gregory III. in the popedom.Waled II. the 16th Saracen caliph, begins to reign.
743 Yezidlll. the 17th Saracen caliph, begins to reign.
744 The Saracens defeated several times by Constantine.Great earthquakes in Syria and Palestine, which sw al-lowed up whole cities ; and an extraordinary dark-ness which lasted from August 5; to September 1.
A terrible plague in the eastern empire, which ragedto such a degree, that the living could hardlybury their dead.
Ibrahim, the 18th Saracen caliph, begins to reign ;but being soon after deposed, is succeeded in thecaliphate by Menvan 11. the last of the Ommiyandynasty.
747 Constantine renews the edict against images, whichbegan to be used again. This prince also issues anedict obliging the monks to marry.
730 The Bulgarians again greatly lrarrass the Roman ter-ritories.
752 Abul-Abbas-Saffah, the 20th Saracen caliph, and first
of the dynasty of the house of Abbas, begins toreign.
753 Stephen II. succeeds Zacharias in the popedom ; but
only bolding it three days, is succeeded by Ste-phen III.
754 Pepin, the French king, obliges Astulphus, tne king
of the Lombards, to restore to the pope thoseplaces he had seized in the Roman dukedom twoyears before.
Almanzor, the 21st caliph of the Saracens, begins toreign.
756 Pepin, king of France, puts the pope in possession of
the exarchate of Ravenna, and makes him a pow-erful temporal prince.
757 Paul I. succeeds Stephen III. in the popedom.
762 Bagdad built by Almanzor, the Saracen caliph, who
fixed there the seat of his empire. From this timethe Saracens ceased in a great degree from theirincursions and ravages, and became a settled na-tion, having, from the time of their prophet Mo-hammed, conquered Palestine, Syria, both Ar-nienias, almost all' Asia Minor, Persia, India,Kgypt, Nnmidia, all Barbary even to the riverNiger, Portugal, great part of Spain, and a con-siderable part'of Italy ; together with the islandsof Sicily, Candia, Cyprus, &c. in the Mediter-ranean sea.
763 A violent frost begins the first of October, and lasts
till the end of February following, so that the twoseas at Constantinople were frozen for a hundredmiles from the shore.
The Bulgarians entirely subdued by the Romans.
768 Stephen IV. succeeds Paul 1. in the popedom.
772 Adrian I. succeeds Stephen IV. in the popedom.774 Charlemagne, king of France, besieges Pavia, takesit, and so pub an end to the kingdom of theLombards.
A.M.A.D.
4779 775 Constantine dies of a fever at Strongj'c.m, in theSatli
year of his reign, and is succeeded hi the Greek,empire by Leo 111.
Mahadis, the 22dSaracen caliph, begins his reign.
4784 780 Leo III. revives the edict against images, and pu-
. liished with great severity those who paid anyworship to the Virgin Mary, the saints, or theirimages.
Constantine, and his mother Irene, succeeds his fatherLeo in the Greek empire.
The Saracens hanass the Greek empire.
4789 785 Iladi, the23d Saracen caliph, begins to reign.
4790 786 Ilaroun-Al-Rashid, the24lh Saracen caliph, begins to
reign.
4791 787 The second council of Nice, by w hich the worship of
images was fully established, and the supremacyof tlie pope acknowledged.
4794 790 Constantine takes the government of the Greek em-
pire upon himself, and banishes his mother amiher favourites from flic court.
4798 794 Charles the Great, king of France, having several
times defeated the Ilwnns, destroy their cities,and by putting ail to tire and sword, completethe utter destruction of that warlike people.
4799 795 Leo III. succeeds Adrian I. in the popedom.
4800 7256 Irene conspires against her son Constantine, and tore-
out ills eyes in so rude a manner that he died in afew davs after; upon which Irene recovers therule of the Greek empire.
4804 S00 Pope Leo III. on Dee. 25, crowns the French king,
Charles the Great, (otherwise named Charlemagne)Augustus, and emperor of the Romans. Thishappened 436 years after the division of the Ro-man empire into east and west, and 324 years afterthe extinction of the empire of the’ west byOdoacer.
4806 802 Nicephorus succeeds Irene in the Greek empire,
otherwise named the empire of the east, as distin-guished from the dominions of Charlemagne, call-ed the empire of the w est.
4807 803 The emperor Nicephorus acknowledges Charlemagne
as emperor of the west.
4810 806 The Saracens dreadfully liarrass the eastern empire
with an army of 300,000 men ; they take Cyprus,demolish the churches, ami murder all the inha-bitants in their way.
4813 809 Amin, the 25th Saracen caliph, begins to reign.
4815 811 'I'he Bulgarians liarrass the empire of the east, cut off
the emperor Nicephortis’s iiead, and make a drink-ing-cup of liis skull.
Michael Curopalates succeeds Nicephorus in (he em-pire of the east.
4817 813 The Bulgarians experience swell a severe defeat from
(lie eastern emperor, as prevents them from invad-ing the empire for some years after.
Leo Armetuis succeeds Michael Curopalates in theempire of flic east.
Mamon, the 26th Saracen caliph, begins to reign.
4818 814 Charlemagne dving, is succeeded in the empire of
file west by "Ludovicos Pius.
4820 816 Stephen V. succeeds Leo ill. in the popedom.
4821 817 Paschal L succeeds Stephen V. in the popedom.
4S24 820 Leo having revived the edict against images., is mar-
tyred in the chapel of the palace, when going !ohis devotions; and is succeeded in tile empire offile east by Michael Balhos.
F.ugpntus II. succeeds Paschal I. m the popedom.
4826 822 A civil war breaks out in the east by one Thomas,
who gave out that lie was (Ymtautine, the son ofIrene; and alter lmi loss of an immense numberof lives en both sid.es, he is in the following war,delivered up by his own men, am; put to death,by having his hands and feet cut" off.
4827 S23_ The Saracens become masters of the whole island oft rete, and built Cainlox, or Cundi'.,.
‘b 4 itieulihus