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but in the warm clays of summer, a simple couclv is sufficient.6. If the patient be very young, or a child, it may be placed inbed between two .persons, to promote natural warmth. See alsotlie warming machine, delineated in Plate FIX. tig. 11, and de-scribed below. 7. In situations where the bath cannot be con-veniently procured, bladders tilled with lukewarm water shouldhe applied to different parts ol the body, particularly to the pitof the stomach ; or a warming-pun wrapped in Ilannel gentlemoved along the spine ; or aromatic fomentations frequently andcautiously repealed. 8. As the breathing of many persons iu anapartment would render the air impure, and thus retard, or evenprevent the restoration of life, not more than five or six assistantsshould he suffered to remain in the room where the body is de-posited.

Stimulants generally employed— 1. Moderate friction with soft,warm Ilannel, at the beginning, and gradually increased by meansof brushes dipped in oil, till pulsations of the heart are percepti-ble. 'J. Inflation ot the lungs, which m ;y be more convenientlyeffected by blowing into one of the nostrils, than by introducingair into the mouth. For the former purpose, it is necessary to beprovided with a wooden pipe, tilted at one extremity for Idlingthe nostril, and at the other lor being blown into by a healthy per-son’s mouth, or for receiving the muzzle of a pair of commonbellows, by which the operation may be longer continued. Atlirsi, however, it w ill always be more proper to introduce the warmbreath irom the lungs ot a living person, than to commence withcold atmospheric air. During this operation, the other no.-tril andthe mouth should he closed by an assistant, while a third persongently presses the chest with his hands, as soon as the lungs areobserved to be inilated. For a more effectual method of alter-nately introducing fresh air into the lungs, and expelling thatwhich is rendered noxious, or unlit for respiration, see the de-scription of fig. 8. Flate FIX, which follows these observations.3. Stimulating clysters, consisting of warm water and commonsalt; or a strong solution of tartar emetic ; or decoctions of aro-matic herbs; or six ounces of brandy, should lie speedily admi-nistered. We do not consider injections of the smoke of tobacco,or even clysters ot that narcotic plant, in all instances safe or pro-per. 4. Let the body he gently rubbed with common salt, orwith tl.miiels dipped in spirits ; the pit of the stomach fomentedwith hot brandy ; the temples stimulated with spirit of hartshorn;and the nostrils occasionally tickled with a feather. 5. Personsof a very robust frame, and w hose skin after being dried, as-sumes a rigid and contracted surface, may he put into the sub-tepid bath, of about t>j°, wtrcli must be gradually raised to 75 or80", of Fahrenheit’s scale, according to circumstances; or the both-carried to a brewhoilse, anti covered with warm grains for threeor four hours; but these expedients generally require medicalassistance, fi. Violent shaking and agitation of the botlv bv tlu:legs and arms, though strongly recommended, and supposed tohave often forwarded the recovery of children and boy-, appearsto us a doubtful remedy, which can lie practised only in certainrases. 7. Sprinkling the naked body of a drowned person withcold water; submitting it to the operation of a shower-bath, or thesudden shocks of the electric tlmd ; as well as whipping it withnettles, administering emetics, and blood-letting—are desperateexpedients, which should be resorted to only after the more lenientmeans have been unsuccessfully employed. It b, however, avulgar and dangerous error, to suppose that persons apparenllvdead by immersion under water, arc irrecoverable, because lifedoes not soon re-appear: hence we seriously entreat those whoare thus employed in the sen-ice of humanity, to persevere forthree or four hours at least, in the application of the most appro-priate remedies above described ; for there are many instances re-corded, of patients who recovered, after they had been relin-quished by all their medical and other assistants.

Treatment on the return of life .—As soon as the first symptomsof that happy change become discernible, additional care must betaken to cherish the vital action, by the most soothing means. Allviolent proceedings should, therefore, be immediately abandoned,no farther stimulants applied, nor even the ears of the patient heannoyed by loud speaking, shouting, &c. At that importantcrisis, moderate friction only is requisite. And, if the revivingperson happen to he in tlu: bath, he may either remain there, pro-vided his sensation be easy and agreeable, or be removed to a

comfortable bed after being expeditiously dried with warm tlan~neis : fomentations of aromatic plants may then be applied to thepit of the stomach ; bladders filled with warm water, placed to theI ft side ; the soles of the feet rubbed with salt ; the mouth clearedof froth and mucus, and' a little white wine, or a solution of saltin water, dropped on tlu: tongue. Hut all strong stimulants, suchas powerful electric shocks, strong odours of volatile salts, &c. areat ibis period particularly injurious. Lastly, the patient, alter re-suscitation, ought to he for a short interval resigned to the effortsof Nature, and left in a composed and quiescent state: as soon aslie is able to swallow, without compulsion or persuasion, warmwine, or tea, with a few drops of vinegar, instead of milk, or gruel,warm beer, and the like, should be given in small doses frequentlyrepeated. Having stated the leading particulars to be attended to,in the practical treatment of persons who are on the eve of suf-fering from aquatic suffocation, we shall accompany them with a-few directions, addressed to those humane assistants who often fallvictims for want of due precaution in tin: execution of their bene-volent design. As many fatal accidents happen to individuals whowish to rescue others in danger of being drowned, especially whentlie former are unskilful in the useful art of swimming, whichought to he learnt at ail early period of life, we think it our dulyto remind the reader of the two excellent contrivances already dc- ■scribed under die articles Air-Jacket, and IIameos. Habit.F.very family dwelling on tlu: banks of lakes or rivers, or nearponds, ought to he always provided with two or three such useful'articles, to serve in cases of emergency ; as it will generally be tooI late to procure them on the spur of the occasion. In Flate FIX,is given a ropre.-entatjon of instruments employed for recoveringthe bodies of drowned persons: and also for their restoration fromdrowning.

Fig. a. A forked instrument with blunt points, for making a •superlicial search alter the drowned body, and sounding the parti-cular situation in which it lies.

Fig 11. A ladder with a long, jointed handle.

Fig. 7. An extractor, or a linked pair of tongs, which in tlieplate appears closed; hut, on immersing it into water, opens byits own weight, as well as by the sliding down of the iron ring ofrom the part marked .r, to that of u. it may again be closed, by-pulling tlie double rope fastened to the ring <>, w hich is thus shift-ed upward from u to .r: by means of expanding the iron arms n n,which are likewise connected with this ring, the mouth or Haps ofthe instrument r r, may he shut: and to prevent their opening tillrequired, the two ropes' are firmly tied round the iron bolt s s; inwhich situation (hey remain till the body is extracted.

Fig. 8. A pair of bellows with two separate bags, so contrivedthat bv opening them, when applied to the nostrils or mouth of apatient, one bag will be tilled with common air, and the other withthe air extracted from the lungs; and, by shutting them again,pure atmospheric air will be introduced into those organs, anti thatdrawn out, consequently discharged into the room. Thus, theartificial breathing may he continued, while tlie other operationson tlie surface of the body are carried on; which could not beconveniently done, if the muzzle of a common pair of bellowswere introduced into the nostril, a. Is an intermediate board,but which admits of no communication between the two bags. Inthe external hoard of each side, there is tlie usual hole, marked h,provided with a valve; and the cylindrical part through which theair is expelled in common bellows, is here soldered to a copperbox, within which two other valves arc applied to tin: tubes con-ducting the air. The cover d of this box, which may lie unscrew-ed hi means of an interposed leather ring, is almost of the shapeof a'funnel, to the neck of which is fastened a flexible lube e,made of varnished silk cloth, and a spiral wire that fprms the ca-vity. To the extremity of this lube is attached a small ivory pipef, the front of which may either be tubular and round, for intro-ducing it into tlie nostril: or Hat like the top-piece of a clarionet,if it lie intended for the mouth. The valves consist of stiffenedlaffotv, and are so arranged, that tlu: corresponding ones stand inan inverted order. It, therefore, both bags of the bellows be ex-panded, two of the valves open themselves towards the internalpart of the machine: one of these is tixed to one of (lie side-hoards, but the other is within the box, on tlie mouth of tlie eon-ducting tube belonging to tlie opposite bag of the bellows. Ilythis contrivance, the air enters both bags of the bellows at the

same