F AG
219
E AG
DYSENTERY, [from ivnvTipm,] a looseness, wherein veryill humours flow off by stool, and are also sometimes attended withblood. See Medicine.
DYSEPULOTICA, [from tvi, m, and a scar,] large in-curable ulcers.
DYSNOMY, [from iy; and vo,«o;, law,] the enacting of badlaws.
DYSOPIA, [from tvi and w-f, an eye,] depraved vision. SeeMedicine.
DYSOREXIA, or DYSOREXY, [from tv; and ojsf<r, ap-petite,] a want of appetite. See Medicine.
DYSPEPSY, [iv;7r £ 4, (ffl ,] a difficulty of digestion, or bad fer-mentation in the stomach or guts. See'MKniciNE.
DYSPIIONY, [Jouvet,] a difficulty in speaking, occasionedby an ill disposition of the organs.
DYSPNOEA, - [fc.-TOirs,] a difficulty of breathing; straitnessof breath. See Medicine.
DYSTIIANATOS, [from tv; and 9ma%;, death,] among an-cient physicians, is used to signify either a disease that occasionsa slow painful death, or a perion dying in such a lingeringmanner.
DYSTHERAPEUTA, [from tv; and 9iduvwu>, to heal,] dis-eases difficult to be cured,
DYSTOCHIA, [from tvi and t«3w, to bring forth,] difficultlabour.
DYSURY, [<Svt»;i„,] a difficulty in making urine. See Me-dicine.
DYTISCUS, the Water Beetle, in zoology, a genus of theclass and order insect® coleoptera. Antenn ® slender, setaceous;hind feet hairy, and formed for swimming. Nearly 200 species,
distinguished by their antenn®, the colour of the elytra, &c. Thelarv® ol the dytiscus are often met with in water. r l hey areoblong, and have six scaly feet. Their body consists of elevensegments. The head is large with four filiform antenn® and astrong pair of jaws. The last segments of their body have rows ofhairs on the sides; and the abdonn n is terminated by two spinescharged with the like hairs, forming a kind of plumes. Theselarva- are frequently of a greenish variegated brown: they arelively, active, and extremely voracious: they devour and feedupon other water insecls, and often tear and destroy each other.The perfect insect is little inferior to its larv* in voraciousness,but it can only exercise its cruelty on the young larv®; the per-fect larv®, like himself, being sheltered by a kind of scaly cuirasswith which they are armed. This creature must be touched cau-tiously ; for besides its power of giving a severe gripe with its jawsit has under the thorax, a long sharp spine, which it will drive intoone’s fingers by the effort it makes to move backwards. SeePlate XXXVII.
DYVOUR, or BARE-MAN, in Scots law, a person who,being involved in debt, and unable to pay, to avoid imprisonment,makes cession of his effects in favour of his creditors; and doeshis devoir and duty to them, proclaiming himself bare-man andindigent, and becoming debt-bound to them of all he has. Theword is used in the same sense as Bankrupt: see that article ; andLaw.
DZURA, a Tartarian village of Russian Siberia , in the govern-ment of Irkutsch.
DZWINGROD, a town of Poland , in the palatinate of Kami-niec, 20 miles S. W. of Kaminiec.
E-
E Has two sounds; long, as scene, and short as men. It alsohas the peculiar quality of lengthening the foregoing vowel,as, g&p, gape ; tun, tune, Yet it sometimes occurs final, wherethe torei-oinp vowel is not lengthened; as gone, knowledge,give. Anciently almost every word ended with e, as for can,canne ; for year, yeare; for great, greate, &c. It is probable,that this e final had at first a soft sound, like the female e of theFrench ; and that afterward, it was in poetry either mute or vocal,as the verse required, ’till at last it became universally silent.— Eahas the sound of c long: the e is commonly lengthened, rather bythe immediate addition of a than by the apposition of e to the endof (he word; as men, mean; net, neat. "E is the fifth letter of theAlphabet , in the modern languages, and in many of the ancient.Its form is derived from the old character si in the ancient Hebrew and Phoenician alphabets, inverted by the Greeks to this positionE, and not from the Hebrew He, ft. From the same origin isalso derived the Saxon e, which is the first letter in that alphabetthat differs from the Latin one. It is sounded by a narrower open-ing of the larynx than the letter A ; but the other parts of themouth are nearly in the same position as when sounding that letter.’Die sound of e is obscure in tlu; last syllable of participles endingwith en, as bounden, chosen, frozen, &c. as well as in some nouns ;such as haven, oxen, &c. and it is silent, or not sounded in a greatnumber of words. The Greek language has a short E called Ep-silon, and a long one called Eta; which differ, in form, as well asin sound, thus E, r, and II, >i: The Latin has a long and short e,hut the Romans made no distinction of figure or name, but con-sidered both sounds as or.e letter. In the French language, c liasat least five different sounds besides being often silent. E in thecalendar is the fifth dominical letter; and in music denotes thetone E la mi. As an Ahreviation, E is used in sea charts to dis- |tinguiah all the easterly points: thus, E denotes East; E. by S. |
East by South ; E. by N. East by North ; &c. E. is also usedfor Earl; as well as for est ; thus i.e.idest, “ that is.” AsaNumeral, E was used in the barbarous ages for 250. As aword, E was used in several ancient languages, with various sig-nifications. Thus in the Greek both E and H are words, and mLatin E is used both as a verb and preposition; but in English itdoes not constitute a word by itself.
EA, in the Saxon language, like eau in the French , and aa inthe Danish , signifies water, whence it makes part of the names ofsome rivers, lakes, &c.
EACHARD, Laurence, an eminent English historian of the18th centuiy. He was the son of a clergyman, and was educatedat Cambridge, and presented to the living of Welton and Elsking-ton in Lincolnshire, where he spent above twenty years, and dis-tinguished himself by his writings, especially his History of Eng-land, which was attacked by Dr. Calamy and by Mr. Okhnixon.His “General Ecclesiastical History, from the Nativity of Christ to the first establishment of Christianity by Human Laws, underthe emperor Constantine the Great, ” had passed through severaleditions. He was installed archdeacon of Stowe and prebend ofLincoln in 1712. lie died in 1730.
LAD, [ad «/,] in the compound, and eadig in the simplenames, denotes happiness, or blessedness.—Thus Eadward is ahappy preserver ;Eadulph, happy assistance ;Eadgar, happy power;and End may also in some cases be derived from the Saxon eatli,which signifies easy, gentle, mild.
EADlSH, or EDDISH, [Sax. Edisc,'] the latter grass,'ihatgrows after the corn is cut.
EAGLE, [aiglc, French ; aquihi, Lat. caller, Erse,] in orni-thology. See Falco.
Eagle, in antiquity, was born by way of ensign by severalnations. The first who seem to have assumed the eagle are the4 Persians