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EME

with some proper liqusr, as oils, spirits, &c. by means oi a woollen jor linen clolh, or a sponge, dipped in the same.

EMBROIDERY is a work in .gold, silver, or silk thread, jwrought by the needle upon cloth, studs, or muslin, into variousfigures. In embroidering stuffs, the work is performed in a kindot loom; because the more the piece is stretched, the easier it isworked. As to muslin, they spread it upon a pattern ready de-signed ; and sometimes, before it is stretched upon tire pattern, itis starched, to make it more easy to handle. Embroidery on theloom is less tedious than the other, in which, while they workllowers, all the threads of the muslin, both lengthwise and breadth-wise, must he continually counted; but, on the other hand, thislast is much richer in points, and susceptible of greater variety.Cloths too much milled are scarce susceptible of this ornament, andin effect we seldom see them embroidered. The thinnest muslinsare left for this purpose; and they are embroidered to the greatestperfection in Saxony: in other parts of Europe , however, theyembroider very prettily, and especially in France . There areseveral kinds of embroidery: as, 1. Embroidery on the stamp;where the figures are raised and rounded, having cotton or parch-ment put under them to support them. 2. Eow embroidery;where the gold and silver lie low upon the sketch, and are stitchedwith silk of the same colour. 3. Guimped embroidery : this isperformed either in gold or silver ; they first make a sketch uponthe doth, then put on rut vellum, and afterwards sew on the goldand silver with silk thread: in this kind of embroidery they oftenput gold and silver cord, tinsel, anti spangles. 4. Emhroidfry onboth sides, that which appears on both sides of the stuff. 5. Plainembroidery; where the figures are flat and even, without cords,spangles, or other ornaments.

Embroidery, Foreign, Statutes Respecting. By stat.22. Geo. 11. c. 3(3, no foreign embroidery, or gold and' silverbrocade, shall be imported, upon pain of being forfeited and burnt,and penally of 1001. for each piece. No person shall sell, or ex-pose to sale, any foreign embroidery, gold or silver thread, lace,fringe, brocade, or make up the same into any garment, on painof having it forfeited and bund, and penalty of 1001. All such em-broidery, &c. may be seized and burnt; and the mercer, &c. inwhose custody' it was found, shall forfeit 1001.

EMBRYO", 1 See F<i:tus, and Generation.

KM BKYOTil LAST ES, [ivom, an embrvo, and Eb.rcw,

to break,] in surgery and midwifery, an instrument for breakingthe bones of a dead child in the uterus, that it may be the moreeasily extracted.

ENlBRh O 10, [from and voym, cutting,] the art or

act of dissecting a icetus.

EMBR't ULCUS, [from ffySfeov, and to draw,] in surgery,an instrument for extracting a dead foetus from the uterus.

EMBS, a river of Germany, which rises in Westphalia ; and fallsinto Dolart Bay, a little below Embden.

Emus, or Ji omen-emus, a small county of Germany , in Sua-biu, S. of the lake of Constance.

Embs, or Ems, the capital of the above county, ten miles S. ofRregentz.

EMERALD , in lithology, a genus of precious stones belong-ing to the order oi siliceous :artlis. 1 he name is derived, accord-ing to some, from the Italian smeraldo, or the Arabian zomorrad.Crorntedt says, the emerald is the softest of all the precious stones,but other naturalists place it the next after tin; diamond in hardness,^/’perhaps the most beautiful ol all the gems, and according to

‘'ferihs, when heated in the tire, changes its colour to a deep |a !?[' r becomes phosphorescent ; hut recovers its green when Ir'‘. C ” l u ’ n pulverised it lias a white appearance^ and, with

l)0!PA', rnH.s to a very Uiiu ^ntl colourless glass, it becomes elec-tnc by being rubbed, and some have the property of the tourma-lin, viz. of being electrified by heat, and in that state attractingashes or other light substances"; though after having attracted theashes, they retain them without any signs of repulsion. Hithertoit lias been found only crystallized, 'J he primitive form of itscrystals is a regular six-sided prism; and the form of its integrantmolecules is a triangular prism, whose sides are squares, and basesequilateral triangles. The most common variety of its crystals isthe regular six-sided prism, sometimes with the edges of the prism,or of tiie bases, or the solid angles, or both wanting, and smallfaces in their place. Crystals short; lateral planes smooth, term-inal planes rough; colour emerald green of all intensities; vitreous;'

fracture small, imperfect, conchoidal, with a concealed foliatedfracture, and fourfold cleavage; fragments sharp-edged; causesdouble refraction; scratches quartz with difficulty. Specific gra-vity from 2.t>00 to 2.7755. Emeralds are divided by jew eliers infotwo classes or kinds, namely, the oriental and the occidental. Theformer is at present extremely scarce, being found only in thekingdom of Cambay, in India . The occidental emeralds arechiefly imported from Peru, in South America . A very inferiorsort is also obtained from Silesia, which, however, is little esteem-ed. Genuine emeralds being seldom to be met with, severalexperiments have been made, and directions given for imitatingthem ; from which we select the. following: R ake of natural crys-tal and of red lead, each four ounces ; verdigrease 48 grains; andof crocus marlis, prepared with vinegar, eight grains. The wholeis to be finely pulverized, sifted, and put into a’crucible, the spaceof one inch being left empty, it is then to be well luted, set ina potter’s furnace, and left for the same space of time as earthen-ware. When cool, the crucible is to be broken, and these ingre-dients will be found converted into a mass of a fine emerald colour;which, after being cut and set in gold, will at least be equal, if notsuperior, to genuine oriental emeralds. Seeaho Pastes.

EMERI1 I, in Roman antiquity, soldiers who served out theirtime, and had received marks of favour for their merits.

EM ERG DS, or EMEROIDS, [corrupted by ignorant pro-nunciation from hemorrhoids, painful swellings ot the

hemorrhoidal veins; piles.

EMERSION, in astronomy, is used when the sun, moon, orother planet, begins to re-appear, after its having been eclipsed,or hid by the interposition of the moon, earth, or other body.The difference of longitude is sometimes found by observing theimmersions and emersions of the hist of Jupiter ’s satellites. Theimmersions are observed from the time of Jupiter ’s being in con-junction with the sun to his opposition ; and the emersion trom theopposition to the conjunction ; which two intervals are usually sixmonths each, and divide the year between them. But when Ju-piter is in conjunction w ith the sun, and 15 days before and after-wards, there is nothing to be observed ; the planet, with his satel-lites, being then lost in the light of the sun.

Emersion, in physics, the rising of any solid above the surfaceof a 11 utcl specifically heavier than itself, into which it had beenviolently immergod or thrust.

EMERSON, Wii.uam, a late eminent mathematician, born inJune 1701, at Uurworth, a village about three miles south of Dar-lington; at least it is certain that lie resided here Irom Ins child-hood. Iiis father Dudley Emerson was a tolerJde proficient inmathematics; and without his books and instructions, perhaps hisown genius (most eminently lilted for vn..themuticai disquisitions)would have never been unfolded. He was instructed in the learn-ed languages by a young clergyman, then curate ot Hunvorth,who was boarded at bis father’s bouse. In the earlier part of hislife Jie attempted to teach a few scholars; but wln-ther from hisconcise method (for he was not happv in explaining his ideas), orthe Warmth of his natural temper, he made no progress in his school;he therefore soon left it oft'; and, satisfied with a moderate com-petence left him by bis parents, devoted himself to a studious re-tirement. Towards the close of 1781, lie disposed of the whole ofhis mathematical libraiv to a bookseller at York, and on May 20th1782, he died of a lingering and painful disorder at bis nativevillage, aged 81. In .size lie was rather short, but strong and wellmade, with an open countenance and ruddy complexion. Hewas exceedingly singular in his dress. He had but one coat,which he always wore open before, exc ept the lower button ; nowaistcoat ; bis shirt quite the reverse ot one in common use, noopetvng before, but bintoned close at the collar behind ; a kindol liaxen wig which had not a crooked hair in it, and probably had.never been combed from the time it was inada. He always walk-ed up to London when he had any thing to publish, revising sheetby sheet himself: To trust no eyes but his own, was always a fa-vourite maxim with him. He never advanced any mathematical,proposition that he had not tirsi tried in practice, constantly mak-ing all the different parts himself on a small scale, so that his house:was tilled with all kinds of mechanical instimm nts together or dis-join 1 eel. He would frequently stand up to his middle in waterwhile fishing, a diversion he was remarkably loud of. lie usedto study incessantly for some time, and then for relaxation Rcke.aramble to any alehouse where he could get any person to drink