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smell, and the lameness increases. In tin* third stage, the maladysinks into the frog of the fool; the shell of the hoof loosens, andthe frog is filled with fetid matter, that oozes out when pressed bythe hand: a small tumor sometimes breaks out in the front ofthe leg, about one inch above the hoof, which, however, is easilydispersed. In the last stage, the loot is so completely mortifiedby the cancerous humour corroding every part of it, as to becomeincurable ; in which case, the skin is the only valuable part of theanimal. Through these 'different periods, the sheep affected re-tain their appetite, and feed apparently as well as when in health;but they very soon fall away, and continue to decline, till theyhave lost all their fat. Notwithstanding their rapid decay, at theend of the second and the commencement of the third stage, theyare so eager for food, that they even crawl on their knees for suste-nance. For the cure of this infectious disorder, different remedieshave been prescribed ; from whic.li we select the following: thefirst was invented bv the lale Mr. Bakewell, the other by Mr.George Colley, of Fenton* Northumberland. 1. Take 3 oz. ofverdigrease ; of vitriol, and common alum, 4 oz. each ; whitemercury 1 ’ oz. and white copperas, 1 oz. The whole is to belinely pulverized, and dissolved in a quart of white-wine vinegar.2. Let 4oz. of the best honey ; 9 oz. of burnt alum reduced topowder, and -Jib. of pulverized Armenian bole, be mixed in asmuch train or fish-oil as will convert these ingredients into the con-sistence of salve : the honey ought first to be gradually dissolved," hen the Armenian bole should be properly stirred in, after whichHie alum and train-oil are to be adaed. The parts affected maybe rubbed with either of these compositions ; unless the distemperhas become incurable ; but in the opinion of Mr. Arthur Young,Ihe red salve of Mr. Gulley, is more elticacious than Mr. liake-"ell’s liquid ; having cured' one or two diseased feel, where thelatter had failed: yet Mr. Y outig always employs the liquid,previously to anointing the animals with the salve. This malady,in general, arises from long grass in wet seasons; but, if sheep besuffered to lie upon their own dung, a fermentation will take place,and occasion either the foot-rot, or the foot-hall: to prevent whichfatal disorders, those animals should be well littered, and kept witha strict attention to cleanliness.
FORAGE, In military affairs, implies hay, straw,and oats, for theSubsistence of the army horses. Itis divided into rations, of whichon e is a day’s allowance for a horse, and contains 20lb. of hay,fhlb. of oats, and 51b. of straw. When cavalry is stationed inbarracks in Great Britain, the number of rations of forage is, toheld-ofticers four, supposing them to have four effective horses ;to captains three ; to stalf-ollicers two ; to quarter-masters, non-uptnmissioned officers, and privates, each one. On foreign ser-this article is governed by circumstances.iORAMENAn anatomy, a name given to several apertures orPerforations in divers parts of the body ; as, 1. The external andUitemal foramina of the cranium or skull. 2. The foramina in thell Pper and lower jaw. 3. Foramen lachrymale. 4. ForamenU'emliraiiK tympani. See Anatom v.
b O RUES, Duncan, Esq. of Cuiloden, an eminent Scotsa "'yer and judge, horn in 1(185. In his early life, h* was br aughtUp in a family remarkable for hospitality; which, perhaps, lednin afterwards to a free indulgence in social pleasures. His na-ural disposition inclined him to the army, blit, as he soon dis-upvered a superior genius, by the advice of his friends he applieduniself to the civil law ; in which he made a quick progress, and,■' 1709, was admitted an advocate. From 1722 to 1737, he re-I r esented the boroughs of Inverness , Fort rose, Nairn, and Forres.
1725, he was made king’s advocate ; and in 1737, Lord Presi-, l ‘uf In 1714 and 1745 he espoused the royal cause, but con-himself with so much prudence and moderation, that not a' Usper was at any time heard to his prejudice. The glory he ac-pUued in advancing the prosperity of his country, and in contri-ln § 1° re-establish peace and order, was his only reward. Hean 1 ' n ^^■ bFis lordship was a man of great piety and learning,u well versed in Ihe Hebrew scriptures, as appears from hisLct-j. r a Bishop on Hutchinson’s Writings and Discoveries, inThoughts concerning Religion, natural and revealed, 1735 ;
^Reflectionsv °k- 8vo.
j u ~ '"Elections on Incredulity ; the whole collected into one vo-, le > l2nio. 1750. His works have since been published in two
Forbes, Patrick, bishop of Aberdeen, was born in 1554,.when the affairs of the church of Scotland were in much confu-sion ; to the settlement of which lie greatly contributed. As-chancellor of the university of Aberdeen , he improved that seat oflearning by repairing the fabric, augmenting the library, and re-viving the profcssorsliips. He published a Commentary on the Re-velation at London , 1013 - r and died in 1035.
Forbes, John, the son of Patrick, but of much more exten-sive learning than his father, was perhaps excelled by none of hisage, which will be allowed by those w ho read his Historical andTheological Institutes, lie was also bishop of Aberdeen ; but wasexpelled by the Covenanters, and forced to 11 y beyond sea. Hecontinued in Holland two years; and, upon his return, lived pri-vately on his estate at Corse, till he died in 1(14S. Ilis works wereprinted in two vols. folio at Amsterdam in 1703.
FORCALQU1ER, atown of France in the department of theLower Alps, on the Lave, 20 miles N. E. of Aix.
FORCE, in philosophy, denotes the cause of the change in thestate of a body, when being at rest, it begins to move, or has amotion which is either not uniform or not direct. \\ Idle a bodyremains in the same state, either of rest or of uniform and rectili-near motion, the cause of its remaining in such a state is in the na-ture of the body, and it cannot be said that any extrinsic force has ■acted on it; if two equal and opposite forces be applied, they de-stroy each ether. This internal cause or principle is called Inertia .Mechanical forces may be reduced to two sorts; one of a bodyat rest, the other of a body in motion. The force of a body at rest,is that which we conceive to be in a body lying still, on a table, orhanging by a rope, or supported by a spring, &c. and this is calledby the names of pressure, tension, force, or vis mortua, solicitatio,conatus movendi, conamen, tkc. To this class also ot forces wemust refer Centripetal , and Centrifugal forces, though they reside •in a body in motion ; because these forces are homogeneous toweights, pressures, or tensions of an); kind. The force of a bodyin motion is a power residing in that body so long as it continuesits motion ; by means of winch it is able to remove obstacles lying’in its way ; to lessen, destroy, or overcome, the force of any other.’moving body, which meets it in an opposite direction ; or to sur-mount any dead pressure or resistance, as tension, gravity, fric-tion, &c. for some time; but which will be lessened or destroyedby such resistance as it lessens or. destroys the motion of the body.This is called vis motrix, moving force, and by some late writersvis viva, to distinguish it from the vis mortua spoken of before ; andby these appellations, however different, the same thing is under-stood by all mathematicians, viz, that power of displacing, ofwithstanding opposite moving forces, or of overcoming any deadresistance, which resides in a moving body, and which, in wholeor in part, continues to accompany it, so long as the body moves.See Mechanics.
Force, Comparative of Mf.n and Horses. There are se-veral curious as well as useful observations in Desagulicr’s Expo-’rimental Philosophy, concerning the comparative forces of menand horses, and the best way of applying them. A horse draws'with the greatest advantage w hen the line ef direction is level with’I.is breast; in such a situation, he is able to draw 20011). 8 hoursa-day, walking about two miles and an half an hour. And if the-same horse be made to draw 2401b. lie can work but six hours a--day, and cannot go quite so fast. On a carriage, indeed, w herefriction alone is to be overcome, a middling horse will draw1000 lb. But the best way to try a horse’s force is by making himdraw.up out of a well, over a single pulley or roller ; and in such acase, one horse with another will draw 2001b. Five men arefound to be equal in strength to one horse, and can, with as much ’ease, push round the horizontal beam of a mill, in a walk 40 feetwide ; whereas three men will do it in a walk only 10 feet wide.The worst way of applying the force of a horse, is to make hjm.carry or draw up hitl; for if the hill be steep,, three men will tinmore than a horse, each man climbing up faster with a burden of1001b. weight, than a horse that is loaded with 3001b. a differencewhich is owing to the position of the parts of the human body,being better adapted to climb than those of a horse. On the otherhand, the best w-ay of applying the force of a horse, is in an hori-zontal direction, wherein a man can exert least force ; thus a man,weighing 1401b. and drawing a boat along by means of a ropecoming over his shoulders, cannot draw above 271b. or exertabove one-seventh part of the force- of a horse employed on the
same.