F O K

F O 11

4 1 /

the party grieved; and on the offender is indicted the pillory, lossot one of his ears, and half a year’s imprisonment: the second of-fence, in both cases, being felony without benefit of clergy. Be-sides this general act, a multitude of others, since the revolution,when paper credit was first established, have indicted capital pu-nishment on the forging, altering, or uttering, as true, when forg-ed, of any bunk bills or notes, or other securities; of bills of cre-dit issued from the exchequer; of south-sea bonds, &c.; of lot-tery tickets or orders; of army or navy debentures; of East Indiabonds; of writings under the seal of the London or royal ex-change assurance; of the hand of the receiver of'the prefines, or oftiie accountant-general and certain other officers of the chancery ;of a letter of attorney or other power to receive or transfer slock orannuities; and on the personating a proprietor thereof, to receiveor transfer such annuities, stock, or dividends: also on the person-ating, or procuring to be personated, any seaman or other person,intit led to wages or other naval emoluments, or any of his personalrepresentatives; and the taking, or procuring to be taken, anyfalse oath in order to obtain a probate or letters of administration,in order to receive such payments; and the forging, or procuringto be forged, and likewise the uttering or publishing, as true, ofany counterfeited seaman’s will or power: to which may be added,though not strictly reducible to this head, the counterfeiting ofMediterranean passes, under (be hands of the lords of the admi-ralty, to protect one from the piratical slates of Br.rbary; the forg-ing or imitating of any stamps to defraud tiie public revenue: andthe forging of any marriage register or licence: all which are, bydistinct acts of parliament, made felonies without benefit of clergy.By statutes 13 Geo. 1H. c. 52 and 5<», forging or counterfeitingany stamp or mark, to denote the standard of gold and silver plate,and certain other offences of the like tendency, are punished withtransportation for fourteen years. By statute 12 Geo. Ill. c. 4b,certain frauds on the stamp duties, therein described, principallyby using the same stamps more than once, are made single felony,and liable to transportation for seven years. And tlns-same pu-nishment is inflicted by statute 13 Geo. 111. c. 3R, on such asCounterfeit Die common seal of the corporation for manufacturingplate glass (thereby erected), or knowingly demand money of thecompany by virtue of any writing under such counterfeit seal.I here are also two other general laws with regard to forgery ; theone 2 Geo. II. c. 25, whereby the first offence in forging or pro-curing to be forged, acting or assisting therein, or uttering or pub-lishing as true, any forged deed, will, bond, writing obligatory,foil of exchange, promissory note, indorsement, or assignmentthereof, or any acquittance or receipt for money or goods, with in-tention to defraud any person (or corporation), is made felony"'ithout benefit of clergy. And by statute 7 Geo. II. c. 22, it isequally penal to forge, or cause to be forged, or utter as true, acounterfeit acceptance of a bill of exchange, or the number of anyAccountable receipt for any note, bill, or any other security foruioney, or anv warrant or order for the payment of money, or de-hvery of goods. So that through the number of these general and*Pccial provisions, there is now hardly a case possible to be con-coved, wherein forgery that tends to defraud, whether in theUaine of a real or fictitious person, is not made a capital crime.

f'ORGES, a town of France , in the department of the Lowerfo'foe, famous for its medicinal springs, 00 miles N. M . of Paris .

I' OHGING, in law, the act of forgery, which see.

I’ ohgin'g, in smilhery, the beating or hammering of iron on the? ! "'d, after having first made it red-hot in the forge, to extend itJufo various forms, and fashion it into works. See Forge.

here are two ways of forging and hammering iron. One is byfoe force of the hand, in which there are usually several personsC'nployed, one of them turning the iron and hammering likewise,And tl le rest 011 | y hammering. 'The other is by the force of a wa-fot-mill, which raises and works several huge hammers beyond the01 'ce of man; under the strokes whereof the workmen' present_ dl ge lumps of iron, which are sustained at one end by the anvils,d! 'u at the other by iron chains fastened to the ceiling of the forge.‘ ei ' MiLL. This last way of forging is only used in the largest• as anchors for ships, &c. which usually weigh several thou-/ _ pounds. For light works, a single man holds, beats, andJiins, with one hand, while he hammers with the other. Each] ' r P° se Die iiuiL is designed for requires its proper heat; for it it

In.j * -*.v. i. oi iv ii(,aigmAi tut 11 tj u 11 ye? »v-> - j --

ain't? 0 col< )> it will not feel the weight of the hammer, as the1 ls cail it, when it will not batter under the hammer; and if itv ol. n.__ N0< 87j i

be too hot, it will red-sear, that is, break or crack under the ham-mer. 'I'he several degrees of heat the smiths give their iron are,

1. a blood-red heat; 2. a while flame heat; and 3. a sparkling orwelding heat.

FORISFAMILIATE, or EOR1SFAMIL!ATION, in law.When a child, upon receiving a portion from his father, or other-wise, renounces his legal title to any further share of his lather’ssuccession, lie is said to he forisfamiliated.

FORK, [Jurat, Lat. Jj'orth, Welsh ; fnurche, l’r.] an instru-ment divided at Die end into two or more points or prongs, usedon many occasions.

Forks, though now indispensable, did not come into use inEngland till the reign of James I. as we learn from a remarkablepassage in Coryat; wherein he describes with no small solemnity,the manner of using them “ in all parts of Italy ;” and add's,“Hereupon 1 myself thought good to imitate the Italian fashionby this forked cutting of meat, not only while I was in Italy , butalso in Germany , and oftentimes in England since I came home.”

Forks, in geography, the branches of a river, divided and pro-jecting, like the prongs of a fork.

FORLI, a town of Italy, in tiie province of Romagna , 10 milesS. E. of Faenza , and 45 Is. E. of Florence.

Forli, a fertile and healthy territory of Romagna , of which theabove town is the capital.

FORUMl’OPOLI, a town of Italy, in the province of Ro-magna .

FORLORN-HOPE, in the military art, signifies men detach-ed from several regiments, or otherwise appointed, to make thefirst attack in day of battle, or at a siege, t® storm the counterscarp,mount the breach, &c.

FORM, [ forma, Lat.] denotes the external appearance orsurface of a body, or the disposition of its parts, as to-lhe length,breadth, and thickness.

Form, in law, the rules established and requisite to lie observedin legal proceedings. The formal part of the law, or method ofproceeding, cannot be altered but by parliament; lor if oncethese outworks were demolished, there would he an inlet to allmanner of innovation in the body of the law itself.

Form, among mechanics, a sort of mould whereon any tiling isfashioned or wrought. Thus, the

1. Form, Hatter’s, is a large block or piece of wood, of acy lindrical figure: the lop thereof rounded, and the bottom quiiefiat. Its use is, to mould or fashion the crown of the hat, after thematter thereof has been beaten and fulled.

2. Form, Paper-maker’s, is the frame or mould wherein thesheets arc fashioned. See Paper .

3. Form, Printer’s, an assemblage oflettors, words, and lines,ranged in order, and so disposed into pages by the compositor :from which, by means of ink and a press, the printed sheets aredrawn. Every form is enclosed in an iron chase, wherein it isfirmly locked by a number of pieces of wood ; some long and nar-row, and others like wedges. There are two forms required forevery sheet, one for each side; and each form consists ot more orfewer pages, according to the sire of the hook.

Form, in physics, denotes the manner of being peculiar to eachbody; or that which constitutes it such a particular body, and dis-tinguishes it from every other. Mr. Harris uses the term formlikewise in another sense, as an efficient animating principle;“These animating forms (says he) are ot themselves no objectseither of the ear or of the eye; hut their nature or character is un-derstood in this, that were they never to exert their proper ener-gies on their proper subjects, the marble on which the sculptorexercises his art would remain tor ever shapeless, and the harpfrom which the harper calls forth sounds would remain for eversilent:” that is, in plain language, the former would have no pecu-liar form and the latter no sound. Then why waste words amirender language unintelligible, by such an ambiguous use of Die word form ? Philosophy, we humbly apprehend, can never he ad-vanced by confounding cause and effect, as Mr. Harris seems todo in Die 'following definition: “ The animating form of a naturalbody is neither its organization nor its figure, nor any other ofthose inferior forms which make up the system ot its visible quali-ties : hut it is the power, which is yet able to produce, preserve,and employ these.” If words conveying so very different and op-posite ideas, as form and power, are to he thus used synonymously,,there will soon be an end of all accuracy in philosophical language.

' (j F Philosophers