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in some places, and remiss in others not far off. The frost was fol-lowed b v glowing heats, and a wonderful forwardness of flowersand fruits.

FREIGHT , or FRAIGHT, in navigation and commerce, isthe consideration of money agreed to be paid for the use or hireof a ship, or in a larger sense, the burthen of such ship. Thefreight is most frequently determined for the whole voyage, with-out respect to time: sometimes it depends on time; in the formercase it is either fixed at a certain stun tor the whole cargo, or somuch per ton, barrel, bulk, or other weight or measure, or somuch per cent, on the value of the cargo. If a certain sum isagreed on for the freight of the ship, it must all be paid, althouuhthe ship when measured should prove less, unless the burthen iswarranted. If the ship is freighted for transporting cattle or slavesat so much per head, and some of them die on the passage, freightis only due for such as are delivered alive; if for lading them, it tsdue for all put on board. When a whole ship is freighted, if themaster suffers any goods besides those of the freight to be put onboard, he is liable for damages. If the voyage is completed ac-cording to the agreement, without any accident, the master has aright to demand the freight before the delivery of the goods; butifsuch delivery is prevented by negligence or accidents, the par-ties will be reciprocally responsible in the following manner. Ifthe merchant should not load the ship within the time agreed on,the master may engage with another, and recover damages. Ifthe merchant recalls the ship after she is laden and sailed, he mustpay the whole freight; but if lie unloads before the ship lias ac-tually sailed, he will in such case only be responsible for damages.If the merchant loads goods which are not lawful to export, andthe ship is prevented from proceeding on that account, he mustnevertheless pay the freight. If the master is not ready to proceedon the voyage at the time stipulated, the merchant may load thewhole or part of the cargo on board another -hip, and recoverdamages; but any real casualties will release the master from alldamages. If an embargo is laid on the ship before she sails, thecharterparty is dissolved, and tire merchant pays the expence ofloading and unloading; but if the embargo is only for a shortlimited time, the voyage shall be performed when it expires; andneither parly is liable for damages. If the master sails to any otherport than that airreed on, without necessity, he must sail to the portagreed on at his own expence, and is also liable for any damagesin consequence of it. If a ship is taken by the enemy, and retakenor ransomed, the charterparty continues in force. If the mastertransfers goods from his own ship to another, without necessity,and they perish, he is responsible for the full value, and all charges;but if his own ship is in imminent danger, the goods may be puton board another ship at the risk of the owner, tf a ship is freight-ed out and home, and a sum agreed on for the whole voyage,nothing becomes due until the return of such ship. If a certainsum is specified for the homeward voyage, it is due, although thecorrespondent abroad should have no goods to send home. A -hipwas freighted to a particular port ami home, a particular freightagreed upon for the homeward voyage, with an option reservedfor the correspondent to decline it, unless the ship arrived before acertain day. The master did not go to the port agreed on, andtherefore bechme liable to damages; the obligation being absoluteon his part, and conditional only on the part of the freighter. Ifthe goods are damaged without fault of the ship or master, theowner is not obliged to receive them and pay the freight, but hemust either receive or abandon the whole ; he cannot receivethose that are not damaged, and reject the others. It the goodsare damaged through tire insufficiency of the ship, the master i-liable for the same; but if it is ow ing to stress ot weather he is notaccountable. If part of the goods is thrown overboard or takenby the enemy, the part delivered pavs freight. The ma-ter isaccountable for all the goods received on hoard by himself andmariners, unless tney perish by the act of God, or the king’s ene-mies. The master is not liable for leakage of liquors, nor accounta-ble f-.r contents of packages, unhss packed in his presence.

FREIND, John, a learned English physician and author, bornat Croton, m Northampton-lcre, in 1675. In 1696, he pub-lished, in conjunction with Mr. l\ Fotdke% an edition of twoGreek orations, viz. of /Kschinrs against Ctesiphon , and Demos-thenes de Corona, with a new Latin version. In 1699, he wrotea letter to Dr. Sloane concerning an Hydrocephalus , publishedin the l’hilosophical Transactions, and another letter in Latin to

the same gentleman, De Spasmi rarioris, IIistoria, printed in thesame Transactions. In 1703, his Emmenologia appeared ; whichgained him great reputation, lit 1704, lie was chosen professor ofchemistry in the university of Oxford. Jn 1705, he attended thecarl of Peterborough to Spain , as physician to the army there; andupon his return in 1707, published an account of the earl’s ex-pedition. In 1709, he published his Chemical Lectures. In1712, lie attended the duke of Ormond in Flanders, as his physi-cian. In 1716, he was admitted a fellow of Hie college of physi-cians in London . This year lie published the first and thirdbooks of Hippocrates DeMorbis popularibus, with a Commen-tary on fevers, written by himself. Uesal M. P. for Launceston in Cornwall in 1723, where he distinguished himselt by his opposi-tion to the ministry. In March 1722, In- was committed to thetower on a charge of high treason: and while lie was under con-finement, lie wrote a Latin epistle to Dr. Mead , De quibusdamVariolarum Generibus ; and began Ins History of Physic, the firstpart of w hich w as published in 1725, and the second in 1726.Upon the accession of George 11 , he was appointed pli sician tothe queen, who shewed the utmost esteem tor lum. He diet! atLondon in 1728. Ills works were published together in Latin at London by Dr. Wigan, in folio, in 1733, and dedicated to thequeen.

FREJULS, or FREJUS, a town of France , in the depart-ment of Var, anc.ently called Forum Julium , or Julii. It is seatednear the Argen<, 40 miles N. E. ot Toulon .

FRENAV K, two towns of France , in the department of Sarle;1. six miles E. of Alengon : 2. nine miles S.S. \V. of Alenijon.

FRENCH BEAN, in botany. See Phaseolvs.

French Broad , a navigable river otTenessee, w hich joins theHolstein II miles above Knoxville .

French Language, the language now spoken in France ,which, like the English , is not an original language, but a medleyot several. Those that prevail most, and are the basis of it, are,1. The Celtic ; whether that were a particular language itself, orwhether it were only a dialect of the Gothic , as spoke m the Westand North: 2. The Latin , which the Romans carried with theminto Gaul , when they conquered it: And, 3. The Teutonic, orthat dialect of the Teutonic spoken by the Franks, wiicn theypassed the Rhine, and established themselves in Gaul . Of thesethree languages, in the space of about 1300 years, was the mo-dern French gradually formed. Its progress was very slow. Boththe Italian and Spanish were regular languages long before theFrench. One character of the French language is, that it isnatural and easy. The words are ranged in it much in the sameorder as the ideas in our minds, in which it differs exceedinglyfrom the Greek and Latin , where the inversion of the naturalorder of words is reputed a beauty. The Hebrew surpasses eventhe French in this point, but comes short of it in copiousness andvariety. But, as to the analogy of grammar, and the simplicitywhere-with the moods ofvirbs are formed, the English has theadvantage not only over the French , Init overall the known lan-guages in the world ; though the peculiar expressions and idioms ofthe Engli-h are sometimes so quaint and extraordinary, that itloses a good deal of tile advantage wliieli its grammatical siniph*city gives it over the rest. The I rencli Iras few compound words,wherein it differs widely from the Gieek, High Dutch, andEnglish. Tins the French authors acknowledge to he a greatdi advantage; the Greek and Dutch deriving a great part oftheir force and energy from the composition of words, and fre-quently expressing that in one sounding word, which the French cannot express blit bv a periphrasis. The diminutives in theFrench are as few a:; the compounds, the greatest ^,arl of tho-e i ,!use having lost their diminutive signification. The French ' schiefly admired for its justness, purity, accuracy, and ffexihilify*It is the most universal and extensive language in Europe . R l' epolicy of states and courts ha- rendered it necessary (or the mints*ters o’l princes, &c. and the discoveries and improvement- madeby the French in arts and sciences have had the same ellect amongthe learned. In Germany , ami elsewhere, the princesses and pef"sons of distinction value themselves hi understanding Eiench; an"in several courts of Europe, French is almost as much used as U lClanguage of tin- country.

FUKSCA1I, or l-UASCATI,a small town of Italy , on lh ebrow ot a hill, 1U miles S. K. of Rome .

FRESCO, a method of painting in miicvo on walls, so as t°

endure