FR E

.503

FRI

endure the weather. It is performed with water-colours on fresliplaster, or on a wall laid with mortar not yet dry. This sort ofpainting has a groat advantage by its Incorp'oraling with the mor-tar, and, drying along with it, becomes very durable. The Ita-lians , from whom we borrow the term, call it fresco; because it isfrequently used for walls, alcoves, and other buildings in theopen air. Vitruvius , (lib vii. cap. 4,)calls it udolectorio. Paint-uig in fresco is very ancient, having been practised in the earliestages of Greece and Rome. See Painting.

FRESH DISSEISIN, in law, such a disseisin, as a man maydefeat of himself, as where it is within 15 days.

Fresh Force, a force newly done ; as w here a man is deforcedof lands after the deatli of his ancestor, the person having r ghttuuy within 40 days bring his bill of fresh force and recover thelands.

Fresh Shot, in sea-language, the falling down of any largefiver into the sea, whereby the sea has fresh water a great way fromhs mouth.

FRESHES, in sea-language, denote the impetuosity of an ebbtide, increased by heavy rains, and bowing out into the sea, oitendiscolouring it to a considerable distance, and forming a line thatseparates the two colours, and which may be distinctly perceivedfora great length aiong the coast.

. Frf.s hes, a local term signifying annual inundations, from therivers being swollen by the melted snows and other fresli watersfrom the uplands, as is the Nile , &c. from periodical or tropicalfoins. As a sailor’s term, it is opposed to marine or salt waterfloodings, tides, &c. The word is of common use in America ,Where the inunda ions so called are of great service.

FRESNE, Charles De, Sieur Du Cange, on« of the most•farned writers of his time, was born at Amiens in ldlO, and stu-died at the Jesuits ’ college in that city. Atterwards he studied the*avv at Orleans, and gained great reputation by his works ; amongWhich are, l.The history of Constantinople under the French ®Wpero«. 2. John Cinnamus’s History of the affairs of John andManuel Conmenus, in Greek and Latin , with historical andPhilological notes. 3. Glossarium ad Scriptores media: & infima:hlatinitatis: 6 vols. folio. 4. A Greek Glossary, consisting offurious passages from rare M. S. S. 2 vols. folio, lie died in*088, aged78. Lewis XIV settled pensions on his four children.

FRET , or FRETTE, in architecture, a kind ot knot or orna-ment, consisting of two lists or small fillets variously interlaced? r mterwoven, and running at parallel distances equal to their

meadth.

b Ret-Work, work adorned with frets. It is sometimes used0 fill up and enrich liat empty spaces; but it is mostly practised in°u‘ s > which are fretted over with plaster-work.

tret, in heraldry, a bearing composed of six bars, crossed and'aiiously interlaced. Some call it the true lover’s knot. SeeffRALDRY.

I Tret, in music, a kind of stop on some instruments, partiru-* rl y bass-viols and lutes. Frets consist of strings tied round thee ek of the instrument, at certain distances, within which suchsuch notes are to be found.

f IlETOY, a town of France, in the department of the Oise , 5"" fsN. W.ofNoyon.

^ t RETTS, m mineralogy, a term used by miners to express the° r n side of the banks of the rivers in mine-countries, where theyj 'Well tor the shoad stones or grewts washed down from the hills,j^.ffder from thence to trace out the running of the shoad up to the

V j3’REUDEN15ERG, the name of three towns of Germany :th^ 111 uhcle of Havana, four miles E. of Amberg: 2. in, °f Franconia, 8 miles N. of Werlheim ; 3. in Westphalia , 5P e , s y*'■ N . \V. of Siegen.

; n : REU DENiSTADT, a fortified town of Suabia , with a citadel,kingdom of Wirlemberg: 24 miles S. E. of S tins burg.

TREVENT, a town of France , in the department of the Straitsmiles S. of St. Rot, and 6 W. of Arras.

See ,. EYA > F1UA . or FIUGGA, the Venus of the Saxons ,s,, trea. The following German towns appear to have beenfrom her:

filar k' 1 ’ BERG or FlUDBERG, a town of Upper Saxony in theL^'Uate of Meissen, 1!) miles W. S. W. of Dresden .o*EYBORG or FR1BOR, a town of Moravia , 28milesL.N.E.

of p

re fau, and 3d E. ofOlmutz.

FR EY BURG, a town of Silesia, in Schweidnitz , near the Pols-nitz, 7 miles W. of Schweidnitz .

Freyburg, or Eriburg, a town of Upper Saxony, 16 miles S,of Halle, and 4 N. N. W. of Naumburg .

FREYE-jEMTER, a territory of the Helvetic republic , sur-rounded by the cantons of Zurich, Bern, Lucerne, and Zug ; aurciently called Rori and Waggenthal.

FREYENSTADT, a town of Bavaria , 20 miles S. E, ofNu-remberg, and 31 N. W. of Ratisbon .

FREYENTHURN, a town of Carniola , on the Ku'p, 7 milesS. of Rudolfsuorth.

FREYENWALD, a town of Brandenburg, on the Oder, 24miles N. \V. of Custrin, and 32 N. E. of Berlin.

FREYSINGEN, or FRIES1NGEN, an ecclesiastical princi-pality in Bavana, between Munich and Landshut . It com-prehends the counties of I.,mailing and Werdenfels, and the lord-,ship of Burnkrain.

Freysingen, the ca|)ital of the above bishopric.

FREYSTADT; two towns of Silesia : 1. in the principality ofGlogau, 14 miles N. E. of Sagan: 2. in that of Teschen , 7 miles,N N. \V. of Teschen.

FRIAR, or FRIER, [Lat./rafer, Ital./ro, and Frenrh/rerc,i. e. brother :] a term common to monks of all orders ; foundedon this, that there is a kind of brotherhood presumed between thereligious persons of the same monastery. Friars are generally dis-tinguished into these four principal branches, viz. 1 Franciscans ,Minors, or grey friars: 2. Augustines: 3. Dominicans, or blackfriars: 4. Carmelites , or white friars. From these four the rest ofthe orders descend. See these articles.

Friar, in a more peculiar sense, is restrained to such monks asare not priests; for those in orders are usually dignified-with theappellation of father.

FRIARS O BSERV ANT, [fratres observantes ,'] were a branchof the Franciscans ; thus called, because not combined together inany cloister, convent, or corporation, as the conventuals are,but only agreed among themselves to observe the rules of theirorder.

FRIBURG, or FREYBURG, a large town of Germany , inSuuliia capital of Austrian Brisgaw, 10 miles E. of Brisach, and 34S. S. E. of Strasburg. Lon. 7. 57. E. Lat. 48. 4. N.

Eriburg, a town of Germany, in Upper Bavaria , 15 miles S. S.E. of Branau , and 18 of Burkhausen.

Eriburg, or Freyburg, a tow n of the Helvetic republic , capi-tal of the canton seated on the Sane, 15 miles S. W. of Bern , and 75of Zurich . Lon. 6. 53. E. Lat. 40. 48. N.

Eriburg, one of the cantons of Switzerland . It is surround-ed on all sides by the canton of Bern . The land is fertile in com,fruits, and pastures: and the canton can send 18,000 men into thefield.

ERICENTI, or FRICENTY, an episcopal town of Naples,in Principato Ultra, near the Tripalto : 12 miles N. W. ofConza.

FRICTION, [ friction , Fr. frictio, from frico, Latin, ] therubbing of bodies together called also attrition. The phenomenaarising upon the friction of divers bodies, under different circum-stances, are very numerous and considerable. Mr. Ilawksbeegives a number of experiments of this kind ; particularly ot the at-trition or friction of glass, under various circumstances, the resultof which was, that it yielded light and became electrical. All bo-dies by friction are brought to conceive heat; many of them toemit light; particularly a cat’s back, sugar, beaten sulphur, mer-cury, sea-water, gold, copper, &c. but, above all, diamonds,which when bri-kly rubbed against glass, gold, or the like, yield alight equal to that of a live coal when blowed by the bellows. SeeElectricity.

Friction, in mechanics, the rubbing of the parts of engines andmachines against each other, by which means a great part of theirelli-ct is destroyed. It arises from the roughness or asperity of thesurface of the body moved on, and that of the body moving: forsuch surfaces consisting alternately of eminences and cavities, eitherdie eminences of the one must be raised over those of the other, orthey must be both broke and worn off; but ■ neither can hap-pen without motion, nor can motion be produced without a forceimpressed. Hence, the force applied to move the body is eitherwholly or partly spent on this effect; and consequently therearises a resistance or friction which will be greater, caiteris ari-

bus,

I