G A L

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A11, DB; but the difference of these columns is as be"-— e 2 J.

bc-

Tliercfore, d-x=z be- — c-x. "Whence we get ,r =-. The

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use of the small lube of comimmiralion u b, fig. 5, is to cheek theundulation of the water, so that the height of it may be read offfrom the scale with ease and certainty. But it is particularly de-signed to prevent the water from being Ihiown up to a muchgreater or less altitude, than the true height of the column whichthe wind is able at that time to sustain, from its receiving a sud-den impulse whilst it is vibrating in its ascent or descent. As insome cases the water in this instrument might be liable to freeze,and thus break the tubes, Dr. Lind recommends a saturated solu-tion of sea-salt to be used instead of it, which does not freeze tillFahrenheit’s thermometer falls to 0.

GAGO, a fertile kingdom of Africa, in Negroland, aboundingin corn and gold.

Gai;o, the capital of the above kingdom.

GA11N1A, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, andhexaudria class of plants. Calyx, an involucrum with two or fiveflowers ; corolla two-valved; anthers’ linear, sharp-pointed at theapex, as long as the corolla ; seed single and oblong. There aretwo species.

GAIA, or GAJA, a town of Italy ' situated, 20 miles S. ofModena .

GAIL LAC, a town of France , in the department of Tarn, 8miles N.N.W. of Castres, and 27 N.E. of Toulouse .

GAILLON, a town of France, in the department of Eure ,miles S. E. of Louviers , 9 N. W. of Vernon, and 22 fromRouen .

GAIN, in architecture, is the workmen’s terms for the bevelling-shoulder of a joist or other timber. It is used also for the lappingof the end of tin: joist, &c. upon a trimmer or girder; ami thenthe thickness of the shoulder is cut into the trimmer, also bevellingupwards, that it may just receive the gain; and so the joist andtrimmer lie even and level with the surface. This way of workingis used in floors and hearths.

Gaik the Wind, in sea-language, is to arrive on the weather-side or to windward of some other vessel in sight, when both areplying to windward, or sailing as near the wind as possible.

GAlNAGE, or GA1NAG1U.M, in ancient writers, signifiesthe draught-oxen, horses, wain, plough, and furniture, for carryingcm the work of tillage by the sokemen and villains. Gainage isthe same with wainage.

Gainagk, is also used for the land itself, or the profit raised bycultivating it.

GAINSBOROUGH, a town of Lincolnshire , 18 miles N. \V.of Lincoln. Lon. 0. 40. \V. Lat. 53. 27. N.

GALACTOPIIAGI, and GALACTOPOT.E, [from ya\n,yttAaxi©', milk; $afnv, to cat; and mrtis of »», I drink,] in anti-quity, persons who lived wholly on milk, without corn or anycither food. Certain nations in Scythia Asiatica, as the Getx,Nomades, &c. are famous in ancient history, as galactophagi.

GALACZ, GALASI, or GALATZ, a town of European Tur-key, in Bulgaria, near the Danube , 20 miles S. S. W. of Bender.

GAT.ANGAL. See K*mpfkkia.

GALANTHUS , the Snow-drot ; in botany, a genus of themonogynia order, and hexandria class of plants; natural order,Spathaiex. Petals three, concave; nectarimn consists of threeemarginated petals; stigma simple. There is but one species, G.Nivalis, a lulbous-rooted flowery perennial, rising but a fewinches in height, and adorned at top with small tripetalous flowersof a white colour. There are three varieties, viz. the commonsingle-flowered suow*drop, the semi-double snow-drop, and thedouble snow-drop. They are beautiful little plants; and aremuch valued on account of their early appearance, often adorningtne gardens in January or February, when scarce any other floweris to he seen.

GALARDIA, a genus of the class and order syngenesis poly-gamia frustranea. The receptacle is ehaffv; seed crowned witha five-leaved calycle; calyx, two rows of" scales, almost equal.There is one species; an annual of Louisiana .

GALATA, an island near the coast of Tunis . Lon. 9. 30. E.Lat. 38. 15. N.

C ALATiEA, or GA1ATILLA, in mythology, a sea-nymph,

daughter of Kerens and Doris. She was beloved by the Cy clopsPolyphemus, whom she treated w ith disdain; while Aeis, a shep-herd of Sicily , enjoyed her affection.

GALATIA, the ancient name of a province of Asia Minor ,now called Amasia. It was hounded on the E. by Cappadocia ,on the S. by Pamphy lia, on the N. by the Euxine sea , and on the\V. by Bithynia.

GALAX, in botany, a genus of tbc monogynia order, andpenlandria class of plants. Corolla salver-shaped; calyx deca-phyllous; capsule unilocular, bivalved, and elastic. One species,viz. G. uphylla.

GALAXIA, a genus of the monodelphia triandria class and or-der. Spatha one-valved; corolla ohe-petaled, six-cleft; tube ca-pillary ; stigma many-parted. There are two species, herbs of theCape.

GALAXY, that long white luminous track, which seems to en-compass the heavens like a girdle; and is easily perceivable in aclear night, especially when the moon docs not shine. TheGreeks called it ruvifia,-, of r^x™, yraXomlSn, milk, and the Romans,via lactea, the milky way, on account of its colour and appearance.And their poets told many fables about the spilling of Juno’s milk,Ac. as the cause of its whiteness. It passes between Sagittariusand Gemini, and -divides the sphere into two parts; it is unequally'broad; in some parfs'siifgle, in others double. The ancient poets,and even philosophers, speak of the Galaxy as the rbad by whichthe heroes went to heaven. Aristotle supposed it a kind of me-teor, formed of a crowd of vapours, drawn into that part by certainlarge stars disposed in the region of the heavens answering hereto.Otliers, finding that the Galaxy was seen all over the globe, that italways corresponded to the same fixed stars, and that it transcend-ed the height of the highest planets, set aside Aristotle ’s opinion ;placed the Galaxy in the firmament, or region of the fixed stars,and concluded it lo be nothing but an assemblage of an infinitenumber of minute stars. Since the invention of the telescope, thisopinion has been abundantly confirmed. By directing a good te-lescope lo any part of the milky way, where before we only saw aconfused whiteness, w'e now descry an innumerable multitude oflittle stars, so remote, that a naked eye confounds them. SeeAstronomy.

GALBANUM, a gum-resin which issues from the stem of anumbelliferous plant, growing in Persia , and many parts of Africa.See Bubon. The juice is semi-pellucid, soft, tenacious; of astrong smell, and a bitterish warm taste ; the better sort is in pale-coloured masses, composed of clear w hite tears. Galbanum agreesin virtue with gum ammoniac, but is generally accounted less effi-cacious in asthmas, and more so in hysterical complaints. It is aningredient in the gum-pills, the gum-plaster, and some other offi-cinal compositions.

GALBULAR, the Jacamar, in natural history, a genus ofbirds of the order Pica;. Bill straight, very long, quadrangular, andpointed; nostrils situated near the base of the bill, and oval !tongue pointed and short; legs feathered before, down to the toes;feet formed for climbing. There are four species. G. alcedo, i®about the size of a lark, and is of a most elegant and brilliant plum-age. It is found in the damp places of the woods of Guiana aimBrazil .

GALE, Thomas, I). D. and F. R. S. a learned divine, horn atScruton, in Yorkshire , in lt)3(>. lie was educated at Cambridge)and afterwards chosen head-master of St. Paul’s school, London !and wrote those elegant inscriptions on the monument erected mmemory of the conflagration in Kifjfi. In K)7fi, he was made aprebendary in St. Paul’s; and being elected a F. 1L S. presenteda Roman urn to the society. About l(>97, he gave to the new li-brary of Trinity college, in Cambridge, a great number of ArabiaMSS.; and in 1697 was admitted dean of York. lie died in thatcity in 1702; and was interred in the cathedral, where a monu-ment was erected to his memory. 1 le was a great historian, on**of the best Greek scholars of his age, and corresponded with th emost learned men at home and abroad. lie published, I. IIis t0 'rhu Poetic* Antiqui Scriptores, 8vo. 2. Opustula Mythologi*-/ 1 ’Elhicaet l’hysica, in Greek and Latin , 8vo. 3. Ilerodoli ll' s "toria, in folio. 4. Ilistorix Anglicana; Scriptores D unique, inlio. 5. Ilistorix Britanniea’, Saxonicx, Anglo-Daniex, Scripture 5Quindecim, in folio. 6. Klielores Selecti, &c.

Gale, in sea-language, u term of various import. When tn^

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