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Wind blows not so hard but that a ship may carry her top-sails In-trip, (that is, hoisted up to the highest,) they say it is a loom gale.When it blows very strong, it is a still', strong, or fresh gale.

Gale. When two ships are near one another at sea, and therebeing but little wind blowing, one of them finds more of it thantlie other, they say that tiie one ship gales away from the other.

GALEA, in antiquity, a light casque, head-piece, or morrion,which came down to the shoulders, commonly of brass.

GALEASSE , a large low-buill vessel, using both sails and oars,and the largest of alt the vessels that make use of the latter. Itmay carry twenty guns, and 1ms a stern capable of lodging a greatnumber of marines. It has three masts, which are never to belowered or taken down.

GALEGA, in botany, a genus of the decandria order, and dia-delphia class of plants; natural order, Papilionacea'. Calyx com-'posed of subulated nearly equal dents or segments; legume hasoblique sirin’, and seeds lying between them. It has nineteenspecies.

GALEN, Claudius, prince of the Greek physicians afterHippocrates, was born at Pergamus, in Asia Minor , A. D. 131.

H is father being possessed of a fortune, and well versed in pltiio- jsopby, astronomy, geometry, and architecture, instructed his sonm the first rudiments of learning, and afterwards procured him thegreatest masters of the age. Galen , having finished his studies,chose physic for his profession, studied the w orks of Hippocrates ,ond at length resolved to travel, to converse with the most ablephysicians in all parts, and to take every opportunity of inspectingon the spot the plants and drugs of the countries through which hepassed. With this view he went to Alexandria, where he staidsome years; thence he travelled through Cilicia, Palestine, Crete ,Cyprus , Lemfios, and the Lower Tyria; in which last places heobtained a fhorough insight into the nature of the Lenmian earth,and the opobalsamuni; after which he returned home by Alexan-dria. Galen had been four years at Pergamus , where his practiceWas attended with extraordinary applause, when some commotionsinduced him to go to Rome , w here he resolved to settle: hut theProofs lie gave of his superior skill, added to the respect shewnhim by several persons of very high rank, created liini so manyenemies among his brethren of the faculty, that he was obliged tol [uit Rome , after having resided there four or five years, lie hadnot long returned to Pergamus , when he was recalled l>y the em-perors Aurelius and Verus. After their death, he retired to hisnative country; where he died, about A. D. 200. lie wrote inGreek; and is said to have composed 200 volumes, which wereunhappily burnt in the temple of Peace. The best editions of'nose that remain, are, those printed at Rasil in 1538, in five vols.and at Venice in 1625, in seven. Galen was of a weak and delicateconstitution, as lie himself asserts; but lie nevertheless, by bistemperance and skill in physic, arrived to a great age. 'One of hiscules was, always to rise from table with some degree of appetite.He is justly considered as the greatest physician of antiquity, next*° Hippocrates ; and he performed such surprising cures, that he"as accused of magic.

GALEN1 A, in botany, a genus of the digynia order, and octan-' r ’ a class of plants; natural order, Succulents*. Calyx trifid; no ;corolla; capsule roundish, dispermous. It lias two species. (

GALEN 1C, or GALEN [CAL, ill medicine, is applied to thatfarmer of considering and treating diseases, founded on the pi in- iCl l»les of Galen, or introduced by Galen . j

- Galenical, is more, frequently used as contradistinguished‘°ni chemical. The distinction of galenical and chemical wasOccasioned by a division of the practitioners of medicine into twotL 'Gs, (Alienists and Chemists, on the introduction of chemistry’"to medicine. The chemists, arrogating to themselves every,'nd of merit and abilitv, stirred up an opposition to their preten-Sj°ns, founded on the invariable adherence of the other party to'e ancient practice.

Galenical Medicines, are those which are formed by the^asier preparations of herbs, roots, fkc. by infusion, decoction,c - and by combining and multiplying ingredients; while those" chemistry draw their more intimate and remote virtues by"cans of fire and elaborate preparations, as calcination, digestion,

"■'mentation, Ac.

GALEMSTH, a denomination given to such physicians as prac-1Se > prescribe, or write, on the Galenical principles. J hey standPposed to the chemists.

Galenists, or Galenivks, in church-historv, a branch ofMennonites or Anabaptists , who take in several of the opinions ofthe Soeinians, or rather Arians, touching the divinity of our Sa-viour.

GALEOPSIS, in botany, a genus of the gymnosperinia order,and didynamia chws of plants; natural order, Verticillatsc. Co-rolla, upper lip a little crenated or arched; the under lip biden-tate, two teeth above. There are four species.

GALEKICULUM, in Roman antiquity, a cap worn both bymen and women, consisting of a skin, so neatly dressed with hu-man hair, that the artificial covering could scarcely be distinguish-ed from the natural.

GALEA ELY, a town of Ireland , in Tipperary, 32 miles S. E.of Limerick .

GALICIA, a province of Spain , bounded on the N. and W.by the ocean, on the S. by Portugal, and on the E. by Asturias and Leon. The air is temperate along the coast, but in otherplaces, cold and moist.

Galicia, or Guadalaxara, a country of Mexico , containingseven provinces. It lias mines of silver and copper, and aboundswith corn. The climate is temperate. Guadalaxara is the ca-pital .

Galicia , the modern name given to a large country in the S.of Poland, which was seized on by the late emperor Joseph II ,and annexed to the Austrian dominions. It comprehends a partof Red Russia and the palatinate of Lemberg; and is separatedfrom Hungary by (he Carpathian mountains .

GALILEE, iii ancient geography, a province of Judea , bound-ed by mount Lebanon on the N. by the Jordan and the sea ofGalilee on the E. by the Cliison on the S. and by the Mediterra-nean on the W. It was the scene of many of our Saviour’s mira-cles ; but the hounds of the country are not now well known, northe places whore many of the towns stood. It belongs to theTurks.

GALILEANS, a sect of the Jews . Their founder was oneJudas, a native of Galilee, who, esteeming it an indignity for theJew 's to pay tribute to strangers, raised up his countrymen againstthe edict of Augustus , which had ordered a taxation of all thesubjects of tlie Roman empire. They insisted that God aloneshould be owned as Lord. In other respects they were of theopinion of the Pharisees ; but, as they judged it unlawful to prayfor inlidel princes, they separated from the rest of the Jews , andperformed their sacrilices apart. As our Saviour was supposed tolie a native of Galilee, and his apostles were liiostlyGalileans, theywore suspected to be of this sect; and it was on this principle, asSt. Jerome observes, that the Pharisees laid a snare for him; byasking, whether it was lawful to give tribute to Caisar; that incase lie denied it, they might have an occasion of accusing him.

GALILEO, Galilei, the famous mathematician and astrono-mer, was tlie son of a Florentine nobleman, and born in 1564.lie had from his infancy a strong inclination to philosophy andmathematics; and made prodigious progress in these sciences. In1592, he was chosen professor of mathematics at Padua. In 1609,having heard that Jansen had invented a glass by which objects ata distance were rendered as visible as if near, lie turned bis atten-tion to the subject, and constructed a telescope, by means ofwhich lie discovered various phxnomena in the heavens, not be-fore heard of. In 1611, Cosmo II, grand duke of Tuscany , sentfor him to Pisa , where lie made him professor of mathematics,with a handsome salary; and soon after inviting him to Florence,gave him the office and title of principal philosopher and mathe-matician to his highness, lie had been but a few years at Flo-rence, before lie was convinced, that Aristotle ’s doctrine, howeverill-grounded, was held too sacred to be called in question. Havingobserved some solar spots in 1612, he printed that discovery in1613, at Rome ; in which, and in some other pieces, he venturedto assert tlie truth of the Cnpcrnican system, and brought severalnew arguments to confirm it. l’or these lie was cited before theinquisition ; and, after some months’ imprisonment, was releasedupon a simple promise, that he would renounce his heretical opi-nions, and not defend them by word or writing. Rut having after-wards, in 1632, published at Florence bis “ Dialogues of the twogreatest Systems of the World, the Ptolemaic and Copernican,”he was again cited before the inquisition, and committed to theprison of that dreadful court at Rome . On June 22, N. S. 1632,the congregation convened; and in his presence pronounced sen-tence